ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ و ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﮥ ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن در اﺷﻌﺎر ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ

The Mystical and Romantic Interpretations of the Polo (Chogan) and the Polo Ball (Gooy) in Persian Poems

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ و ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﮥ ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن در اﺷﻌﺎر ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﻋﺮان در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﻮﯾﺎت دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد از ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و ﮔﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﻮﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ از ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت راﯾﺞ در زﻣﺎﻧﮥ ﺧﻮد ﺳﻮد ﺟﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺎن اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﮔﺎه در ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ و ﮔﺎه ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ واژهﻫﺎي ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ اﺷﻌﺎر ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺳﺮﺷﺎر از دو واژه ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ درازي زﻟﻒ، ذﻗﻦ، روي، ﺧﺎل ﻣﻌﺸﻮق و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ و ﺑﯽادﻋﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﺎﺷﻖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺸﻮق ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﻮدن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮك ﻫﻮس و ﺧﻮدﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮد واژهﻫﺎي ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن در اﺷﻌﺎر ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺴﯿﺎري واژهﻫﺎي ﮔﻮي و ﭼﻮﮔﺎن در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﯿﺰان رواج اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزي در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ و آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻌﺮا ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزي ﭼﻮﮔﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از رواج اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزي در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

This research aims to study the mystical and romantic interpretations of the polo and the polo ball terms in Persian poems. In different periods of Persian language and literature, poets have used various interpretations to express their concepts and intents, and they occasionally have benefited from common interpretations and idioms of their era to restate such concepts. Poets have sometimes expressed their personal feelings and emotions in romantic and mystical themes with " Polo" and " Polo ball" terms. The present study is the descriptive type with the historical method, which has been done with an analytical approach. Our findings indicated that, Persian poems are filled with "Polo" and "Polo ball" terms, used to describe the hair length, chin, face, and moles of the beloved, as well as the description of the submission and humbleness of the lover to the beloved in romantic themes. They also have been used to express submission, and as an allegory for ignoring worldly longings and arrogance in mystical themes. The expression of "Polo" and "Polo ball" terms in the lyric poetry and abundant use of these words in Persian literature indicate the popularity of this game in different periods of the Persia history and the poets’ familiarity with the Polo sport might be due to the prevalence of this game in Iran.