توليد و ارزيابي نيتروسلولز با حساسيت پائين با روش استيلاسيون

Synthesizing and Producing of Low Sensitive Nitrocellulose with Acetylation Method

ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺸﺪه و ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ داراي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﯿﺘﺮو ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻧﺒﺎرداري ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ از ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺟﺪا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﻤﻮدن آن در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻢ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و ﻫﻢ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺘﺰ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ از روش اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ازتﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )12/40 ،11/50 ،9/50 و 12/80( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻣﻘﺪار ازت از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ درﺻﺪ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط، زﻣﺎن ﻧﯿﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻮن 55 ،45 ،35 و60، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻟﻔﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ )60 و 75( ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ واﮐﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن از ﻗﯿﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار، اﻧﯿﺪرﯾﺪ اﺳﺘﯿﮏ )240 درﺻﺪ( زﻣﺎن واﮐﻨﺶ )3 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(، دﻣﺎي واﮐﻨﺶ )40 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد( و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺋﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮع رﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ و درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور ﭘﺮﮐﻠﺮﯾﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ) 0/03 و 0/04%( ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات- اﺳﺘﺎت )CNA( ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﻼل ﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻓﯿﺒﺮي ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ژﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮدن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور 0/03% ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻟﯿﺎف ﺳﻔﯿﺪ رﻧﮓ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات- اﺳﺘﺎت دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و در اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰور ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺳﯿﺎه رﻧﮓ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﻃﯿﻒﺳﻨﺠﯽﻫﺎي IR ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﻗﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات اﺳﺘﺎت ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد در واﮐﻨﺶ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن، ﮔﺮوه-ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯿﻞ آزاد اﺷﻐﺎل ﻧﺸﺪه ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ CNA، ﭘﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﮔﺮوه ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺴﯿﻞ )OH(، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ ازت ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ در ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ازت ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 12/80% ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺣﺬف ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﯿﻼﺳﯿﻮن ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در دﻣﺎي 65 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد )آزاد ﺷﺪن ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻧﺒﺎرداري( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻮزش و ﮐﺎﻟﺮي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﯿﻠﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ آن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري آن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ دﻣﺎ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

In this Study for Synthesizing and Producing of Low Sensitive Nitrocellulose Used of Acetylation Method. At the First Time it Was Necessary to Nitrocellulose with Various Nitrogen Content 9/50, 11/50, 12/40 and 12/80. By Using of Effective Parameters on the Nitrogen Content Such as Mixture Acid Percent, Nitration Time (35, 45, 55 and 60), Acid to Cellulose Ratio (60and 75) Produced the Nitrocellulose and Then with Constant Parameters of Acetylation Reaction Such Acetic Acid Content, Acetic Anhydride and Variable Parameters Such as Use and Without Using of Toluene, Catalyzer Percent (Perchloric Acid 0/03 and 0/04) the Cellulose Nitrate- Acetate Produced. The Results has been Showed That Without Using of Toluene Produce Gelatinous Product That Didn't Capable to Drying. Also with using of 0/03 Percent Catalyzer Content Can be Achieved to Cellulose Nitrate- Acetate with White Color Fiber Form. The Curves of IR has been Showed when Nitrocellulose Converted to Cellulose Nitrate- Acetate with Acetylation Reaction, Hydroxyl Group of Nitrocellulose Replaced With Acetyl Group. Also Result has been Showed when Nitrocellulose Converted to Cellulose Nitrate – Acetate, the Peak of Hydroxyl Group Decreased with Increasing of Nitrogen Content. In the Nitrocellulose with 12/80 Nitrogen Content the Peak of Hydroxyl was Eliminated. Also the Result has been Showed by Acetylation of Nitrocellulose: Solubility, Thermal Decomposition and Stability of nitrocellulose was Increased and Burning Rate and Calories was Decreased.