نقد روانكاوانه«شرح پريشاني» وحشي بافقي

vahshiye bafghi Psychoanalytical criticism sharhe parishani

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه در ﺷﻌﺮِ »ﺷﺮح ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ«، وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﻘﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح راﺑﻄﮥ ﻋﺸﻘﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﻮق ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ »ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه« ﻓﺮوﯾﺪ، ﺷﺎﻋﺮ در روﻧﺪ ﺷﺮح ﺣﺎل ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﮐﻠﻤﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻤﻠﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ از ﺿﻤﯿﺮ و »ﻧﺎﺧﻮد آﮔﺎه« ﯾﺎ »ﻧﻬﺎد« ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ زﺑﺎن ﻣﯽآورد ﮐﻪ آﺷﮑﺎر ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻬﺎد و ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اوﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ »ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه« ﻧﯿﺮوﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ »ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه« ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺎﻫﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺳﺮﭘﻮش ﺑﮕﺬارد. ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﮥ ﻓﺮوﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرش اﻣﯿﺎل ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ »ﻧﺎﺧﻮد آﮔﺎه« ﻣﯽﺳﭙﺎرد و ﺑﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺪن ﺷﺪن ﺧﻮدش را ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. در اﯾﻦ راه ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻬﻦ و ﻣﻘﺪس ﻟﻐﺰش زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮدش را ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﻨﺪ »ﺷﺮح ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ« ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻓﻖ وﺣﺸﯽ در»ﻣﮑﺘﺐ وﻗﻮع« و »واﺳﻮﺧﺖ« اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪة »ﺷﺮح ﭘﺮﯾﺸﺎﻧﯽ« از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه رواﻧﮑﺎوي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ، و از آنﺟﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻌﺮِ وﻗﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن واﻗﻌﯿﺎت ﻋﺸﻘﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﺮوﯾﺪ، درﺑﺎرة اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ » ﻧﺎﺧﻮد آﮔﺎه ﻓﺮوﯾﺪي« ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ وﺣﺸﯽ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺟﺪال ﻣﯿﺎن »ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه« و »ﻧﺎﺧﻮد آﮔﺎه« ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺗﻀﺎد دروﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﻌﺮ اداﻣﻪ دارد و ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺧﻮدش را از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻀﺎد رﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪاي ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﮕﯿﺮد و ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ درد دل ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻧﺶ دل ﻣﻌﺸﻮق را ﻧﺮم ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ او كنار بيايد

In his work “sharh-e- parishani”, VahshiyeBafghi explains his amorous relationship with his beloved. According to Freud’s Unconsciousness Theory, the poet ‘unconsciously’ elicits words and sentences unwittingly From his ‘unconscious’ or ‘Id’ which reveals both his ‘Id’ and ‘inner self’ to us. However, the poet tries to control his ‘unconsciousness’ completelyand conceal the reality of his ‘inner self’.As Freud has told,in this way he sends his desires to his ‘unconsciousness’ and pays for being civilized. Following this track, the poet sometimes justifies his sliptonguesthrough alluding to an old and sacred story. Vahshi’s efforts i.e. the conflict between ‘consciousness’ and ‘unconsciousness’ has led to an internal conflict in his poem which continues up to the end of the poem, and the poet is not able to release himself from this conflict and can‌‌not come to a conclusion absolutely. That is why he pours out his heart to the beloved in order to soften his heart and come to terms with him.