مروري بر جنبه‌هاي زراعي، فيتوشيميايي و فارماكولوژي گياه شاهدانه (Cannabis sativa L.)

A Review on Agronomic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﯽ Cannabis sativa L. ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻋﻠﻔﯽ، ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Cannabacea اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ روﻏﻦ و اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﺸﺪه دارﻧﺪ و از ﻟﯿﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آن در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﺳﺎزي و ﻧﺴﺎﺟﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﺘﺮاﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺎﻧﺎﺑﯿﻨﻮل و ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺑﯿﺪﯾﻮل از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﮐﺎﻧﺎﺑﯿﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺧﻮاص ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه داروﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ، از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺛﺮ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت داروﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ روي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن، ام اس، اﯾﺪز و اﺛﺮﮔﺬاريﻫﺎي ﺗﺴﮑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺿﺪاﺿﻄﺮاﺑﯽ آن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ داروﯾﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده آن در اﯾﺮان، ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت داروﯾﯽ آن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ، داروﯾﯽ و ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), commonly known as hemp, is an annual herb belongs to the family Cannabacea. The seeds of this plant have considerable content of oil and unsaturated fatty acids, and its fiber is used in the paper and textile industries. Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol are main cannabinoid compounds of this plant, which have high importance for their well-known pharmaceutical properties. Therapeutic effects of secondary metabolites of hemp on different diseases, such as cancer, Multiple Sclerosis (M.S.), and AIDS and their anxiety and palliative characteristics have been reported in several studies. Considering oil content, and therapeutic and industrial properties of the hemp as well as, its high diversity in Iran, more studies are needed to better recognize this plant and the economic production of its therapeutic compounds. In the present paper, a comprehensive review of agronomic, therapeutic and phytochemical characteristics of hemp is presented.