تحليل آلودگي هاي زيست محيطي روستاهاي الحاقي به كلان شهرها (مطالعه موردي: شهر مشهد)

Spatial Commitment Analysis of Environmental Pollution and Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mashhad with Emphasis on Informal Settlements

روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪاﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫـﺎ ﮐـﻪ از اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك، زﺑﺎﻟﻪ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت از ﻧـﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫـﺎي ArcGIS و GeoDa اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﺎﻟﮏ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣـﻮران و آﻣـﺎره ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﯽ G اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻣﻮران ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺧﻮدﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﺎﻟﮏ در اﺛﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣـﺎري 14 روﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آوردﯾﻢ. در ﺑﯿﻦ روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﻧﺮخ روﺳﺘﺎي ﺳﯿﺲآﺑﺎد ﺑﺎ 2190 ﻣﻮرد اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﮏ را داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﺎﻟﮏ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي اﺳﺖ و آﻣﺎره G 0/5 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳـﺖ . در ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﺧﻮدﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﻓﻀـﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻤـﺎري ﺳـﺎﻟﮏ و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻮران دوﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه 0/68 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﺎﻟﮏ در ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﺒﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ از آﻧﺠـﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ادﻏﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در اﻃﺮاف ﮐﺸﻒ رود ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ اﯾـﻦ رودﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، ﻟـﺬا ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺷـﺪن ﺳـﺎﮐﻨﺎن اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﯿﻤـﺎري ﺳﺎﻟﮏ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Annexed villages to metropolises face numerous environmental contaminations. One of the most common contaminations that is of great importance is pollution of soil, waste and .... Accordingly, the present paper analyzes the environmental contaminations of the annexed villages to Mashhad. The research method is descriptive-analytic and ArcGIS and GeoDa software are used for analyzing information. Moran's I and General G-Statistic was used for investigating the spatial distribution of the leishmaniosis, and to measure the spatial autocorrelation of leishmaniosis resulting from environmental contamination, bivariate Moran's I was used. The statistical population consists of 10 annexed villages to Mashhad. We obtained the samples from the statistics of Health Network. Among the studied villages, Cis-Abad village had the highest rate of disease with 2190 cases. The results show that the spatial distribution of leishmaniosis in Mashhad is clustered and G-Statistic is 0.5. In relation to spatial autocorrelation of and environmental contaminations, the obtained spatial distribution was cluster type and, bivariate Moran's I was 0. 68, which indicates that places on which environmental pollution is high are more likely to develop leishmaniosis disease. The results show that since the merged villages in Mashhad are more widely located around the Kashaf Rood river and the direction of the slope of Mashhad is towards this river, the most environmental pollution exist in the merged villages which has resulted in leishmaniosis disease for the inhabitants of these areas.