بررﺳﯽ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻤﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺳﺘﺎن (اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن)

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants and Introduction to Some Poisonous Plant Species of Ardestan (Isfahan Province)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داﻧﺶ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي درزﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، درﻣﺎن و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داروﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺐ ﻣﺪرن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد. ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺮدم اردﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻧﻮع اﻧﺪام ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ، ﺧﻮاص و ﻃﺮﯾﻘﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 120 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻋﻢ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ و ﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ 106 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 41 ﺗﯿﺮه و 98 ﺟﻨﺲ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داروﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﯿﺮهﻫﺎي Asteraceae ﺑﺎ 17 ﺟﻨﺲ و 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و Apiaceae ﺑﺎ 9 ﺟﻨﺲ و 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 120 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽﺷﺪه ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺳﻤﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در دوزﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ داراي ﻣﺼﺎرف داروﯾﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اردﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺿﺪدرد، رﻓﻊ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﮔﻮارﺷﯽ و اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻤﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ دﯾﺎﺑﺖ و ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: وﺟﻮد 106 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻏﻨﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و داﻧﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﺮدم ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ مصارف دارويي اين گياهان مي‌باشد.

Background: The use of knowledge of indigenous people in the use of plants can provide valuable information in the field of nutrition, treatment, and provide the basis for the production of drugs used in modern medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of recognition of the Ardestanian people to the medicinal plants of the region and introduction to some poisonous plants for the first time. Methods: In order to obtain information on the kind of medicinal treatment, the medicinal properties and consuming method of medicinal plants, the collected plants after identification provided to indigenous people and the results were provided in the form of questionnaires. Also, some poisonous plants of the region were identified with credit references. Results: In the present study, the total of 120 medicinal and poisonous plant species was identified. Of these, 106 species belonging to 41 families and 98 genera had medicinal applications. Among them, Asteraceae (17 genera and 17 species) and Apiaceae (9 genera and 10 species) were the most important. It was also discovered that 25 species of the 120 introduced species have toxic properties, of which 11 species are also medicine at low doses. In this research, the most commonly used parts of medicinal plants were aerial parts in boiled form. Also, the most common use of medicinal plants in this area is as pain relief, relief of digestive disorders and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and blood lipid. Conclusion:The existence of 106 species of medicinal plants in the Ardestan area indicated the richness of this area in terms of medicinal plants and relatively high knowledge of Ardestanian people in using these plants.