پديد آورندگان :
اﻟﻬﯿﺎري, ﻣﺮﺗﻀﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر اﯾﺮان - بخش كشاورزي , ﺗﻮﺳﻠﯽ, اﺑﻮاﻟﻔﻀﻞ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر اﯾﺮان - بخش كشاورزي , ﻧﻘﻮي, ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ فاقد وابستگي
كليدواژه :
آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ , ﭼﺎراوﯾﻤﺎق , روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن , ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎراوﯾﻤﺎق ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﯽ ﺑـﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸـﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ در آن از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎز و ﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ-ﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻮد و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 200 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻓﺮاد، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻦ اﻓﺮاد، ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﺎت و ﺷﻐﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان روي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ، اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻋﻤﺪه دﻟﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻓﺮاد از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت ﺣﻮزه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺳﺨﺘﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﺎر و ﻧﺒﻮد ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑـﻮد. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت در ﻣﺮدان )53 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از زﻧﺎن )16/7 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ درﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت در ﻣﯿـﺎن ﻣـﺮدان )21/3 درﺻﺪ( ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از زﻧﺎن )41/7 درﺻﺪ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ زﻧﺎن، ﺳﺨﺘﯽﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي )از ﻧﻮع ﺳﻨﺘﯽ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ دﻟﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﭼﺎراوﯾﻤﺎق ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﮑـﺎري و درآﻣـﺪ ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﻦ در روﺳﺘﺎ )38/5 درﺻﺪ(، ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ )33/5 درﺻﺪ( و ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ زﻣﯿﻦ و ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮐـﺎﻓﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﺸـﺎورزي )10 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﮐـﻪ ﺻـﺮفﻧﻈﺮ از ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪي در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ در 47 رﺗﺒﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در رﺗﺒﻪ اول اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺰو ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﯿﮑﺎري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در روﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻋـﺪم ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺣﻮزه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر وارده ﺑﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﻃـﯽ ﺧﺸﮑﺴـﺎﻟﯽﻫـﺎي اﺧﯿـﺮ در ﺧﺼـﻮص ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻋﺪم ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻬﺎر آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـﯽ در ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﺮت ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ را داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮ
چكيده لاتين :
A research study with direct observational survey was used in order to study the factors influencing migration of villagers in the Charoymaq county – Iran. This study focused on the role of agriculture and the open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire technique were used. The sampling method used in this study was random cluster sampling and the total number of statistical samples used was chosen to be 200 according to Cochran's test. After collecting data from the questionnaires, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. According to the results of non-parametric tests to investigate the effect of differences in variables related to individual characteristics including age, sex, education and previous occupation of immigrants on migration status, it was found that all variables are significant. In other words, these factors have a significant effect on migration rate. The main reasons for migration of all the people surveyed were problems in the field of agriculture and labor difficulties and the lack of supportive aspects. On the other hand, although migration in men (53%) is higher than women (16.7%), percentage interest in migration among men (21.3%) is lower than women (41.7%). These results are due to the fact that hardships of life in the countryside and traditional life of agricultures are greater than in that of urban life as women feel. According to the results, the main reasons for migration of Charoymaq villagers to cities are unemployment and low income in villages (38.5%), lack of welfare, health and educational facilities (33.5%) and lack of land and sufficient capital for agriculture (10%). According to Friedman’s test, in order to assess the effect of each factor on immigration, regardless of classification in terms of economic, social, cultural, infrastructural, demographic and environmental factors, in general, they were ranked 47 and overall, more employment opportunities rank first. Moreover, among these factors, drought and water scarcity in the region have also been cited as important factors, and more unemployment in the village appears to be due to a lack of proper agricultural management. In general, due to the pressure on the villagers during the recent droughts to provide the required water in the agricultural sector and lack of investment in controlling surface waters and extracting groundwater has had a major impact on migration. It is suggested that more attention be paid to management and investment in this regard.
