بررسي اكتساب توكل از منظر فقه الاخلاق

A Study of Acquisition of Tavakkul according to the 'Jurisprudence of Ethics

اكتساب فضيلت توكل در سلوك معنوي و آرامش دروني و رفع مشكلات معيشتي اهميت ويژه اي دارد و ناآگاهي نسبت به آن سبب انحراف و افراط خواهد شد. نوشتار حاضر با روش كتابخانه اي به دنبال واكاوي فقهي توكل و تبيين حكم فقهي آن است كه در راستاي نظريه «فقه الاخلاق» گام برمي دارد كه به نوعي مي تواند الگويي براي پژوهش در اين زمينه باشد.نتايجي كه از پژوهش هاي انجام شده به دست آمده، اين است كه توكل به معناي واسپاري معتمدانه امور به خداوند است و رجحان ذاتي دارد. در آيات و روايات فراواني دستور آشكار به توكل بر خدا آمده است؛ همچنين عقل به شخص ضعيف و ناآگاه نسبت به مسير، حكم مي كند كه به فرد قوي اعتماد كند و در صورت عدم اعتماد، مورد سرزنش عقل و عقلا قرار مي گيرد. از سوي ديگر وجوب مراتب بالاي توكل براي عموم مستلزم عسر و حرج است. نتيجه آنكه براساس ادله، اكتساب توكل در مراتب اوليه واجب و در مراتب بالا راجح است.

Tawakkul, in the Arabic language, is the word for the Islamic concept of reliance on God or "trusting in God's pl@n". It is seen as "perfect trust in God and reliance on Him alone." It can also be referred to as God-consciousness. It is a virtue which, if acquired, can help one tread a spiritual path and attain peace of mind and help overcome difficulties in life. Ignoring tawakkul can lead to deviation and extremism. The present article seeks to investigate tawakkul from a jurisprudential point of view using the available library resources and literature. The research has been carried out in line with the theory of "the jurisprudence of ethics" that can serve as a kind of model for research in this field. The results of the research show that tawakkul means trusting in God and consigning one's matters to Him. It is essentially preferable. In many verses and hadiths, the obvious command is to rely on God; the intellect also commands the weak and ignorant person to trust the strong person when he guides him, and if he does not do so, he will be rebuked by the intellect and the wise. On the other hand, the necessity of high levels of trust for the general public entails hardship. The result is that, based on evidence, the acquisition of tawakkul is obligatory in the preliminary levels, and it is preferred in the higher levels.