ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اَﻟَﻤﻮت ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used in Skin Diseases in the Area Alamut-Qazvin, Iran

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدرو ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهي ﺑﺸﺮ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﻮران ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﮔﯿﺎهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ روشﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي را ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و داروﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪي ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، در درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪي اَﻟَﻤﻮت ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺤﻮهي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوري، ﻧﺤﻮهي ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺧﻮاص داروﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ اﻓﺮاد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﯿﺎهﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داروﻫﺎ در درﻣﺎن 9 ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﺰﻧﻪ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻣﯿﺨﭽﻪ و اﮔﺰﻣﺎ، ﻣﯿﻮه درﺧﺖ ﻫﻠﯿﻠﻪ ﺳﯿﺎه در زﮔﯿﻞ و ﻓﻠﻮس در ﺳﺎﻟﮏ، زﻋﻔﺮان در ﮐﮏ و ﻣﮏ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ در ﭘﺴﻮرﯾﺎزﯾﺲ، زﻧﯿﺎن و ﻏﺎزﯾﺎﻗﯽ در ﺑﺮص، ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ در آﮐﻨﻪ و ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ را دارا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن روشﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﻓﺮم ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد و دوز درﻣﺎﻧﯽ 2 ﮔﺮم از ﮔﯿﺎه، 1-2 ﻧﻮﺑﺖ در روز ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽﻫﺎ را دارا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺎرﻣﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯽ و دﺳﺖ آوردي ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻒ داروﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for treatment of diseases and finding of new drugs. Botanical valuable traditional methods, offer finding new medicinal plants and herbal medicines. Objective: The aim of this study was the identification of important medicinal plants that widely were used by local inhabitants, in the treatment of skin diseases in the area of Alamut-Qazvin, Iran. Method: In this study, the questionnaire was included sections for demographic as well as the medicinal plants information such as local name, how to use, time of harvest and medicinal properties of the plants. The questionnaires were completed by through interviews with 42 traditional botanists and 18 old traditional healers. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Results: Seventy-five species of medicinal plant were used in the treatment of 9 skin diseases in the area of Alamut-Qazvin, Iran. The most drugs that effecting on 9 known skin diseases are Urtica dioica for corn and eczema, Terminalia chebula in Wart, Cassia fistula in skin leishmaniosis, Crocus sativus in freckles, Nasturtium officinale in Psoriasis, Trachyspermum ammi and Falcaria vulgaris in vitiligo, Matricaria chamomilla in acne and scald skins. In general, most herbal remedies impact on burn patients and the most used plant is Matricaria chamomilla. Ointment 2% was the most used dosage form. Average 2-4 g/day for more than 3 months duration was used for the treatments. Conclusion: The results of this research could be the basis for selection of useful medicinal plants for Phytochemical and pharmacological studies.