تحليل تحولات ساختاري كاركردي روستاهاي در حال گذار شهرستان ايوان

Analysis of Functional - Structural Changes in Transitional Villages of Aivan County

ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ـ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ، ﻫﻤـﻮاره ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دروﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ دﭼﺎر ﺗﺤـﻮﻻﺗﯽ در ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫـﺎي ﺧـﻮد ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺬار ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮرداري از وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﺧﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﭘﻮﯾﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ در ﭘـﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺬار ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن اﯾﻮان )در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم، اﯾﺮان( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺣﯿـﺚ ﻫـﺪف ﮐــﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﺣﯿــﺚ ﻣﺎﻫﯿــﺖ و روش، ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﺟﻤــﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دو روش اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در روش اﺳـﻨﺎدي، اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت و داده ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ، ﭘﯿﺸـﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع و ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﮔﺮدآوري و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ. در روش ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، داده ﻫﺎ و اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت دﺳـﺖ اول ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي دﻫﯿﺎر، ﺷﻮرا )ﺗﻌﺪاد 11 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ( و ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻘـﺎط روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ )ﺗﻌﺪاد 184 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ( در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺬار ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 55 روﺳﺘﺎي داراي ﺳﮑﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 16281 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ و 3848 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﯾـﻮان اﺳـﺖ. 11 روﺳـﺘﺎي داراي ﺳـﮑﻨﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﻧﻬﺎدﻫـﺎي دوﻟﺘـﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﺑﻌﺎد ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧـﯽ و دروﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات را در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي در ﺣـﺎل ﮔـﺬار ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن اﯾـﻮ ان داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ.

Rural settlements, as spatial systems, have always been affected by internal and external forces and changes in their structures and functions. Transitional villages are more dynamic and experience more developments than other rural settlements because of their features that are considered neither rural nor urban. The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the changes occurred in transitional rural settlements of Aivan county (Illam province, Iran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. Data collection was done by two methods: documentary and field. In documentary method, statistical information and data of the settlements of the study area, literature, and related theoretical bases were collected and studied. In the field method, first-hand data and information were obtained using the Dehyar, Shura (11 questionnaires) and rural residents in transitional villages (184 questionnaires). The statistical population of the study is 55 inhabited villages with a total population of 16281 and 3848 households in Aivan county. Eleven populated villages were selected as transitional and sample villages using four indices of population, centrality, distance to city center and number of governmental and nongovernmental institutions. AHP and TOPSIS methods were applied to weight the aforementioned indicators by experts and to weight the sample villages, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-sample T-test. Findings of the study show that the physical component with a real average of 2.99 is in the first place, the economic component with a real average of 2.88 and the spatial component with a real average of 2.74 is in the third place. This means that the physical, economic and spatial dimensions as external and internal factors have had the most impact on the transitional villages of Aivan county, respectively.