واحدهاي هيدروليك، مبنايي مناسب براي تقسيمات سياسي - اداري و برنامه‌ريزي مكاني- فضايي (مطالعه موردي حوضه آبريز كرخه)

(Hydraulic Units’a Suitable Basis for Political-Administrative Divisions and Spatial Planning (Case study: Karkheh Basin

ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ و ﮐﻼن ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﻫـﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ - ﻗـﺮاردادي در ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻢ آب اﯾﺮان، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮدي ﺳـﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺷـﺪه و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻋﺪﯾﺪهاي را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐـﺮدن ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و واﺣﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠـﯽ ﻫﻤﯿﺸـﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺪاﻧﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫـﺪف اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﯾـﺰي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ-ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﺒﻮر از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐـﺰ ﻣﻠـﯽ -ﺑﺨﺸـﯽ اﺳـﺖ ؛ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻈﺮي و از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و روش، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻘﺴـﯿﻢ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮردي ﯾﺎ ژرﻓﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒـﯽ ﻗﯿﺎس و اﺳﺘﻘﺮاء( اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻗﯿﺎس و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾـﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ اﻟﮕـﻮﯾﯽ ﺟـﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ، ﺑـﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار Arc اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮص ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﯽ در ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿـ ﺪ و ﻧﻤـﻮد زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺸﺨﺺ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺮﯾـﺰ و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫـ ﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣـﺮز زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ و ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ را ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑـﺮ زﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻟـﮏ زﺑﺎﻧﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾـﺰ ﮐﺮﺧـﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. زﯾﺮا ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ )ﻧﺴﺒﯽ( در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ- اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ درون ﻗﻠﻤﺮوي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـ ﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ ﮐﺮﺧﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ را ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

In Iran, which is a water-scarce country, planning is centralized and large-scale based on political-contractual boundaries. This has led to the degradation of the functional levels of the land and has caused numerous problems. Therefore, finding the optimal geographical context and efficient planning unit for the lower levels has always been the focus of planning scholars including geographers. The purpose of this study is to propose a basis for the political division of space for spatial planning and transition from centralized national-sectoral planning. This research is theoretical and in terms of nature and method, it is a deep descriptive-analytical case study. The present study, with a combined approach (analogy and deduction), firstly, by analogy and logical analysis, evaluates the status quo using documentary study. Then, it studies inductively the Karkheh catchment as a spatial domain of research in order to explain an alternative pattern. Analyzes were performed using Arc GIS software. New theories of development, especially the theory of bio-regionalism, emphasize ecological factors in the designation of biological areas. The ecological implications of these theories have been specifically introduced through catchments and their relationship to communities. The findings of the study identified the catchment as a bio-regional boundary and considered the Karkheh catchment to be compatible with the Lak spoken area. The results show that Karkheh catchment can be a suitable spatial planning unit for the study area. The relative homogeneity in the structure of natural-ecological, social, cultural, economic, and spatial convergence within the territory as well as the adaptation of rural and urban settlements to the Karkhe catchment branches confirms this result.