ناگزيري مرگ «دمنه» در ساحت اسطوره

Inevitability of Death for “Demna” according to Old Iranian Mythological World-view

ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺶ ﭼﺸﻢ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺮگ دﻣﻨﻪ، ﺿﺪ٘ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎبﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﻠﻪ و دﻣﻨﮥ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﺸﺎﻫﯽ، دﻻﯾﻞِ آﺳﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺴﺐ ﻗﺪرت و آﻣﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻌﺎﯾﺖ و ﻓﺮﯾﺐ ﭘﺎدﺷﺎه و ﺣﺬف رﻗﺒﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و وزراي ﮐﺎردان از صحنه ، از ﺟﻤﻠﮥ آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺗّﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﻄﻮره ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آﻣﺪه، آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮگ دﻣﻨﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ اﻣﺮي ﻧﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ، از ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪازي ﺗﺎزه ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮي و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮥ آن، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻧﻈﻢ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﮐﯿﻬﺎن ﯾﺎ اﺷﻪ، ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻤﺮّد دﻣﻨﻪ از ﻟﺰوم ﺧﻮﯾﺸﮑﺎري درﺟﻬﺖٙ ﺗﺤﻘّﻖ آرﻣﺎن آﺧﺮاﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽِ ﭼﯿﺮﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮ؛ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ دﻣﻨﻪ در اردوﮔﺎه اﻫﺮﯾﻤﻦ و آﺳﯿﺐ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺷﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮدﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺘﯿﺎﯾﯽ آن، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺷﺎه آرﻣﺎﻧﯽ و آرﻣﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮگ دﻣﻨﻪ اﻣﺮي ﻧﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ درﺟﻬﺖٙ ﺗﺤﻘّﻖ آرﻣﺎنﻫﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮي و ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرات وارد ﺟﺎﻧﺐ وي ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻮس ازﻟﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Looking at sociopolitical atmosphere governing old Iran, some reasons could be found to interpret the death of Demna, the antagonist in the first chapters of Bahramshahi’s Kalila and Demna, which include desire of power, vilification skills, deceiving the king and punishment and omission of political competitors and competent secretaries. The aim in this research, backed by historical documents and mythological and political analysis, is to look at Demna’s death in a new perspective and as an inevitable subject. To clarify this concept, political views of ancient Iranians and one of its remarkable bases, Galactic Moral Order or Asha has come to our assistance to show that due to recalcitrance of Demna to honor the requirement of functioning in accordance to fulfillment of End-time ideology which prophesizes the complete victory of good over evil, and therefor, being categorized as a member of the fiend (or Ahreman) army which could result in jeopardizing Asha and its earthly manifestations i.e. ideal king, utopia and class organization of the society, this can be concluded that death of Demna was inevitable and had happened to compensate for the damages incurred by him upon the eternal virtue of nature.