طراحي و اعتبارسنجي الگوي مفهومي كاهش فاصلۀ برنامۀدرسي قصد شده، اجرا شده و كسب شده در نظام آموزش عمومي ايران

Design and Validation of a Conceptual Model for Narrowing the Gap between Intended, Implemented, and Attained Curricula in the Public Education System in Iran

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳـﻨﺠ ﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـ ﮥ درﺳـ ﯽ ﻗﺼﺪﺷـﺪه، اﺟﺮاﺷﺪه و ﮐﺴﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣـﻮزش ﻋﻤـﻮﻣ ﯽ اﯾـ ﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دو ﭘﺮﺳـﺶ اﺳﺎﺳـ ﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ: ﺑـﺎ ﭼـﻪ اﻟﮕـﻮ ﯾﯽ ﻣـ ﯽ¬ﺗـﻮان ﻓﺎﺻـﻠ ﮥ ﺳـﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﮥ¬درﺳــﯽ ﯾــﺎد ﺷــﺪه را ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ داد؟ اﻟﮕــﻮ ي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي، ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﺳﺖ؟ روش اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ )ﮐﻤّﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔـ ﯽ( اﺳـﺖ، ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮ اي ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ از ﻓﻨﻮن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺮور اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك و اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﮕﻮ در ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺷـﮑﺎف، ﻣﺒـﺎﻧ ﯽ ﻧﻈـﺮ ي، ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، ﻫـﺪف، ﺟﻬـﺖ ﮔﯿـ ﺮي، اﺻـﻮل و روش ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳـﻨﺠ ﯽ اﻟﮕــﻮي ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎدي، ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷــﯿﻮة ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨــﺪ، از ﻧﻈــﺮات ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈــﺮانِ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﮥ درﺳــﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺷﻮراي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾـ ﺰي درﺳـ ﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد درﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ اﻟﮕـﻮ ي ﭘﯿﺸـﻨﻬﺎد ي را ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـ ﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﺳﺎﺳـ ﯽ ﺷـﮑﺎف، ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗـﻮان اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣـ ﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد.

Abstract: The present research aimed at developing and validating a conceptual model for narrowing the gap between intended, implemented, and attained curricula in the public education system in Iran. Two fundamental questions guided this investigation: what model can be developed to reduce the gap between the three mentioned curricula? To what extent does the proposed model gain the approval? The research enjoyed a mixed method, in which different techniques, such as reviewing documents and inferring were employed to formulate the proposed model. Based on identifying the main factors of the gap.Therefore, the structure of this model was placed into 7 categories: theoretical foundations, desirable features of its curriculum, philosophy, purpose, direction, principles, method of which the gap can be narrowed. Likewise, to validate the proposed model, through a purposive sampling method, we sought out curriculum expert opinions, as well as opinions from specialist in the council for curriculum development. All those experts confirmed the validity of the proposed model strongly. the results revealed that developing such a model to suit the requirements of educational system in Iran would be possible.