ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن دوره اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﻮﻫﺒﻨﺎن در اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ

The challenges Facing Primary School Teachers of Kuhbanan in the implementation of descriptive evaluation plan

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﺪارس ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ آن روﺑﻪ رو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ از ﺳـﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮ راه ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان و واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻗـﺮار داده اﺳـﺖ داراي ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ. ﻣﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ آن دارﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻔـﻊ ﺳﺎزي آﻧﺎن اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورﯾﻢ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و در آن از روش ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ﺑﺮاي درك ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﻫﺒﻨـﺎن اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش اﺻﻠﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت، ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻼﯾﺰي4 ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻃﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ي ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن دوره ي اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ در اﺟﺮاي ﻃـﺮح ارزﺷـﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن »روش ﺗـﺪرﯾﺲ، ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﻫـﺎي ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ، اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات واﻟﺪﯾﻦ، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ ﮐﺎر« اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن در ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ و آﻣﻮزش ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻬﯽ ﺑﺮاي واﻟﺪﯾﻦ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ روش ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ را در ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﺳﺎزي اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Abstract: Modifying evaluation system from traditional to descriptive is one of the most important solicitude of Iranian schools currently. In spite of its problems and challenges for teachers, this modification has some advantages. This research is done in a qualitative way and phenomenology method is selected for recognizing those challenges. Participants were selected from among kuhbanan teachers; for this sake, seven teachers were interviewed. The main research instrument was in-depth semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed according to Colaizzi's analyzing method. The findings of this research include five main themes, namely teaching method, Evaluation challenges, parent's expectations, student's challenges and the effect of portfolios. This paper, describes descriptive evaluation challenges for teachers. For solving these challenges we propose professional education of teachers, holding justification meetings for parents and changing teaching methods according to evaluation method.