بررسي ضرورت بكارگيري رويكرد آموزش معلم پژوهش محور در تربيت معلم

A Study of research-based teacher education approach in teacher education

اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﻮر در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ و ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ درﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ. آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ از ﺳـﻄﺢ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺗﺎ آﻣﻮزش ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪروز رﺳﺎﻧﯽ داﻧﺶ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺑﺨﺸـﯿﺪن ﺑـﻪ درك آﻧﻬﺎ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎﯾﺸﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﻫـﺪف از روﯾﮑـﺮد ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﮑﺮ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر اﯾﺴﺘﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ داﻧـﺶ آﻣﻮزان را ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزد، ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧـﻮد ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ در آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﮑﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ از اﯾـﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻋﻤﻠﯽ، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺌﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺎري اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﻣـ ﺎ روﯾﮑـﺮد آﻣـﻮزش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﻮر را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤـﺚ ﻗـﺮار ﺧـﻮاﻫﯿﻢ داد.

Teacher education researchers and educational societies are approaching research-based teacher education. High quality education focuses on the importance of teacher training from elementary level to professional development in order to updating teacher knowledge, deepening their understanding and developing their skills. The aim of research-based approach is to develop educational thinking process of teachers. The main goal of this approach is to develop reflective teachers. Teachers should have a study program with a systematic educational structure and students should enjoy this opportunity in order to make practical reasoning, decision making and problem solving. In conclusion, programs that are merely based on theory are not successful. In order to reach the best conclusion, there is a need to develop the experiences that are based on work-setting evidences. In this article, we will discuss the research-based approach education as the main organizing theme of teacher education.