پديد آورندگان :
نجارچي, محسن دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي اراك - گروه مهندسي آب , شكري، حميدرضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي اراك - گروه مهندسي آب , جعفري نيا، رضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي اراك - گروه مهندسي آب , مختاري، شهرو دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي اراك - گروه مهندسي آب , علي عليزاده, حمزه دانشگاه ايلام - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي آب
كليدواژه :
اقليم گرم و خشك , برنامه ريزي غيرخطي , بهره وري آب , راندمان كاربرد , سطوح آبياري
چكيده فارسي :
اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪاﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎزده ﻣﺤﺼﻮل آﺑﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻨﺪم زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ، ﺟﻮ، ﮐﻠﺰا، ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه، ذرت داﻧﻪاي، ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم، ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ، ﭘﯿﺎز و ﺳﯿﺐ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﺑﺎﻗﻼ ﺳﺒﺰ و ﻫﻨﺪواﻧﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه در اراﺿﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺎب ﺳﺪ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﯽ دوﯾﺮج دﻫﻠﺮان واﻗﻊ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب ﮐﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ 90،%80،%70،%60،%50% و 100% در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ، ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي و اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ، ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ وزارت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، 1/33% و ﺑﺮاي 90% و80% ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1%/19، 1%/05 اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ، در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 18% و 34% از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮔﻨﺪم، ﮐﻠﺰا، ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه و ذرت داﻧﻪاي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ 60% ،70 %،%80 و90% ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 14/4%، 33/6%، 54%، 74/7% ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان60%، 49%، 35% و 19%، از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ وﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب كشاورزي نسبت به شرايط كشت موجود، مي تواند در حفظ و پايداري منابع آب سطحي و زيرزميني موثر واقع شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The objective of this research was to save water resources, using nonlinear programming model to optimize the
crop pattern under full and deficit irrigation techniques in eight observation fields for eleven predominant
irrigated crops, including winter wheat, barley, rapeseed, autumn sugar beet, corn, sorghum, tomato, onion and
potatoes, bean and autumn watermelon in the downstream lands of Doyraj Dehloran reservoir located in the
southwest of Iran. The yield reduction and net income of each crop were calculated for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and
100% of water requirements during the growing season. The objective function for maximizing net profit with
different constraints including constant cultivated area was determined for the existing cropping pattern, the
policies of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and the proposed pattern. In the case of full irrigation, the results
showed that the net profit of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad cropping pattern was increased 1.33, 1.19 and
1.05% for 100, 90 and 80% of water requirement, respectively. Under deficit irrigation conditions (90 and
80%), water resources are saved 18 and 34%, respectively. The proposed cropping pattern, including four crops
of wheat, canola, autumn sugar beet and grain corn increased the net profit of 60, 70, 80 and 90% of the crop
water requirement treatments by 14.4, 33.6, 54 and 74.7%, respectively, as compared to the existing cropping
pattern. In the proposed deficit irrigation treatments, the water resources were saved 60%, 49%, 35% and 19%,
respectively. The results of nonlinear programing model showed that the optimization of cropping pattern with
deficit irrigation technique, not only increases the net profits, but also it can be effective in conserving surface
and ground water resources.
