مقايسه سميت و جذب كادميوم از دو تركيب پليمري و نيتراتي توسط ذرت تلقيح شده با قارچ Glomus caledonium

Comparison of Cadmium Toxicity and Absorption from Polymer-Cd and Nitrate-Cd by Corn Inoculated with Glomus caledonium

در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺟﺬب اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ دو ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﻔﺮ، 1-50mg Cd kg ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ Poly-hydroxybutanamide و 1-50mg Cd kg ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻗﺎرچ )ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا Glomus Caledonium و ﺑﺪون ﻗﺎرچ( ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮحپايه كاملا تصادفي در سه تكرار انجام شد. ... . اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺎرچ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺬب ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮔﻠﻮﻣﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﺧﺎك و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي و ﻣﻬﻢ ﮔﻠﻮﻣﺎﻟﯿﻦ را در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮﻣﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ-ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم )ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﻤﯽ(، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﯿﺎه را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺬب ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه )1-34/91mg kg( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم )1-mg kg 19/83( ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﻮان ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ و ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

In the recent decades, the industrial revolution resulted in contamination of the biosphere by heavy metals and mycorrhizal fungi could affect the metals uptake by the plant. This research was carried out using Zea mays with three levels of soil Cd cotamination (0, 50 mg kg-1 using Polymer (Poly-hydroxybutanamide) – Cd, and 50 mg kg-1 using Cd-nitrate) and two levels of mycorrhizal (inoculanted with Glomus Caledonium and noninoculanted) with three replications in a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. Cadmium pollution caused a significant reduction (P≤0.05) in shoot dry weight (from 31.05 to 26.34 and 27.10 g pot-1), shoot phosphorus concentration (from 0.37 to 0.36 and 0.36 g kg-1), soil carbohydrate (from 12.67 to 10.40 and 9.81 mg g-1) and also resulted an increases in soil glomalin (from 458.56 to 600.37 and 635 μg g-1) from control to polymer-Cd and nitrate-Cd respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi reduced Cd uptake by the Zea mays, increased the soil glomalin content and improved the soil biological parameters. The results of this study showed that glomalin is an important protein in response to stress condition of Cd contamination. Poly-hydroxybutanamide polymer (a non-toxic compound) increased Cd availability and Cd uptake by plant (34.91 mg kg-1) compared to nitrate-Cd (19.83 mg kg-1) and it could be recommended to improve phytoremediation.