عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Zinc oxide nanoparticle and probiotic (Bacillus coagulans) on immune responses, some carcass characteristics, and digestive organs weight of broiler chickens
كليدواژه :
نانو ذرات اكسيد روي , سيستم ايمني , جوجههاي گوشتي , پروبيوتيك
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه مطالعاتي: روي و پروبيوتيكها نقش مهمي در عملكرد و سيستم ايمني طيور دارند. هدف: اين تحقيق به منظور بررسي اثرات نانوذرات اكسيد روي و پروبيوتيك (باسيلوسكوآگولانس) بر پاسخ ايمني، خصوصيات لاشه و وزن برخي اندامهاي داخلي جوجههاي گوشتي انجام شد. روش كار: اين پژوهش با 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتي نر راس 308 در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با 6 تيمار، 4 تكرار و 12 جوجه در هر تكرار به اجرا درآمد. تيمارها شامل: شاهد (حاوي 100 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم اكسيد روي)، شاهد + 100 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم پروبيوتيك و جيره پايه بدون اكسيد روي + 25 و 50 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم نانو اكسيد روي با و بدون پروبيوتيك بودند. در اين آزمايش فراسنجههاي عملكردي (افزايش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراك و ضريب تبديل خوراك)، ايمني همورال (تيتر آنتيبادي عليه گلبول قرمز گوسفند (SRBC)، فراسنجههاي لاشه (وزن نسبي لاشه، سينه، ران، طحال، كبد، پانكراس، بورس فابريسيوس و همچنين وزن و طول نسبي دوازدهه، ايلئوم و سكوم) و pHروده و سنگدان محاسبه گرديد. نتايج: استفاده از نانواكسيد روي با پروبيوتيك سبب بهبود افزايش وزن بدن و ضريب تبديل خوراك جوجههاي گوشتي شد (05/0P<). وزن نسبي كبد و رانها در جوجههاي تغذيه شده با نانواكسيد روي بههمراه پروبيوتيك به ترتيب كمتر و بيشتر از جوجههاي مربوط به گروه شاهد بود (05/0P<). تيتر آنتي بادي عليه گلبول قرمز گوسفند در جوجههاي تغذيه شده با 50 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم نانواكسيد روي با و بدون پروبيوتيك بيشتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0P<). نتيجهگيري نهايي: به طوركلي استفاده از 50 ميليگرم در كيلوگرم نانواكسيد روي به همراه پروبيوتيك سبب بهبود عملكرد، خصوصيات لاشه و تقويت پاسخ سيستم ايمني شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for poultry nutrition, because of its important role in various biological functions. For decades, the nutritional importance of Zn has been known, but its vital roles in immune modulation and functioning has been arisen (Bonaventura et al. 2015). The forms of Zn in the diet of poultry could be as inorganic form like Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Zinc Sulphate and as organic shapes like Zn acetate (Zhao et al. 2014). A new form of this inorganic salt is zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nanoparticles) that have produced by nanotechnology (Song et al. 2010). Nanoparticles have larger surface area that allows higher interactions with other molecules, and the larger surface area enhances the bioavailability and the intestinal absorption of these tiny structures (Nel et al. 2009; Tsai et al. 2016). In general, little studies have indicated that the application of nano minerals in broilers production, immune responses is promising. One of the most promising spore forming lactic acid-producing species is Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) (Hyronimus et al. 2000). Bacillus coagulans is a safe, unique gram-positive, spore-forming, microaerophilic, lactic acid producing bacillus that does not encode enterotoxin. It possesses a protective, spore-like protein coating, which allows it to resist high temperature and to survive stomach acid and bile salts, reach the small intestine, germinate, and multiply (Hyronimus et al. 2000). It has been demonstrated that supplementation of B. coagulans in chicken feed promotes their growth performance (Hung et al. 2012). Some previous studies reported that probiotics could effectively enhance immune functions of broiler chicks. Kabir et al. (2004) found that broiler chicks fed with probiotic improved antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In addition, researchers have used probiotics in combination with some nanoparticles, such as nano-selenium, to improve the growth performance and immunity in broiler chicks (Saleh, 2014). In addition, another research demonstrated that probiotics decreased intestine pH, hence it increased production of short-chain fatty acids because of the modification of the gut flora with a consecutive increased mineral solubility and absorbability (Gilman and Cashman 2006; Scholz-Ahrens et al. 2007). According to the above evidences, it appears that combination of zno nanoparticles with probiotic probably causes synergism effects between them through their impact on performance. Thus, in the current study, the synergistic effects of zno nanoparticle in combination with a probiotic on the growth performance and immune responses of broilers was studied. Therefore, the aims of current study were to evaluate the effects of B. coagulans and different levels of zno nanoparticles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immune responses parameters.