پديد آورندگان :
آقازاده، ليلا دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه علوم دامي , نيك‌بين، سعيد دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه علوم دامي , ميرزايي آقجه قشلاق، فرزاد دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه علوم دامي , هدايت ايوريق، نعمت دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه علوم دامي
كليدواژه :
mtDNA , D-Loop , مارال , فيلوژني , تنوع زيستي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه مطالعاتي: آناليز ژنتيكي جمعيتهاي وحشي براي حفظ تنوع زيستي و افزايش دانش در مورد بقاي اين گونهها و يافتن عوامل تهديد كننده و يا كمك كننده در حفظ اين جمعيت مهم و ضروري ميباشد. هدف: لذا مطالعه حاضر براي شناسايي توده ژنتيكي موجود، بررسي چگونگي روابط، شكلگيري و تنوع ژنتيكي مارالهاي ايراني با بهرهگيري از اطلاعات توالي ناحيه D-Loop از ژنوم ميتوكندريايي انجام شد. روش كار: جهت انجام پژوهش حاضر نمونههاي خون، مو يا بافت 78 رأس مارال اخذ و DNA آنها استخراج گرديد. ناحيه D-Loop از ژنوم ميتوكندريايي با استفاده آغازگرهاي اختصاصي با روش PCR تكثير شده و تمامي محصولات PCR توالييابي گرديد. سپس تواليهاي مورد نظر با استفاده از نرم افزارهاي BioEdit جهت بررسي تنوع نوكلئوتيدي همتراز شد، با استفاده از نرم افزار Mega ، درخت فيلوژنتيكي رسم گرديد. تواليهاي مارال با استفاده از نرم افزار DnaSPآناليزشد. نتايج: نتايج حاصل منجر به شناسايي جهشهايي گرديد كه به ايجاد 5 هاپلوتيپ براي ناحيه D-Loop منتهي شد و تنوع هاپلوتيپي، تنوع نوكلئوتيدي و متوسط تفاوت نوكلئوتيدي براي ناحيه D-Loop به ترتيب 218/0 ، 0007/0 و 491/0 بهدست آمد. شاخصهاي تنوع ژنتيكي نشان داد كه شش جمعيت مورد بررسي مارال احتمالا تجربه باتل نك را پشت سر گذاشته است. نتيجهگيري: در پرتو نتايج حاصل از تجزيه و تحليل جمعيتها از اين هاپلوتيپها ، ميتوان نتيجهگيري كرد كه نوسانات اخير در اندازه جمعيت و وقفه در جريان ژن به دليل انتقال گوزنهاي قرمز يك جمعيت به ساير زيستگاهها در گذشته باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The breeds and subpopulations of any species, which are the result of mutation processes, genetic drift, natural selection and gene-environment interactions, are very precious. They have been inherited down to the present generation, and their preservation is of great value and importance (Alijani, 2009). Genetic analysis of wild populations is essential for conserving biodiversity, increasing knowledge about the survival of these species, and finding the factors that threaten or contribute to the survival of these populations. The red deer is one of the biggest free-ranging mammals of central Europe and as it is not endangered in terms of population numbers, is the perfect model for studying the genetic population effects of a multitude of deliberate and unintentional anthropogenic influences on natural populations over a long period of time (Kiabi et al, 1998). Red deer gene pools are affected by habitat fragmentation, keeping of populations in enclosures, translocations, (re)introductions, and trophy hunting (Bruford et al, 2003). Various schedules of population regulation by hunting are applied throughout Europe. Many autochthonous stocks have been hybridized with the introduced animals, thus blurring the historical boundaries between formerly natural populations (Hiendleder et al, 1998). The objectives of the present studies were to gain insight into phylogeographic history; to characterize and quantify the genetic diversity within and among populations to implement conservation and management strategies, and to compare different molecular marker systems with regard to their respective resolution power (Cavalli –Sforza, 2003). For this purpose, a research program was designed to characterize populations of Iranian red deer (Cervus elaphus), using the mitochondrial control region (CR). In order to understand the origin, phylogeny, and phylogeography of the species C. elaphus, the DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial D-loop gene of five populations of deer was examined from the entire distribution area of Cervinae with an emphasis on Iran. Several methods, including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and nested clade analysis revealed that red deer originated from the area between Noshahr and other populations. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data do not support the traditional classification of red deer as only one species nor its division into numerous subspecies. The discrepancies between the geographical pattern of differentiation based on mtDNA D-loop and the existing specific and sub-specific taxonomy based on morphology are discussed. The present study was carried out to identify the existing gene pool, study the relationship and genetic variation of the Maral (Caspian red deer, C. elaphus) using the D-loop sequence data from the mitochondrial genome.
