پديد آورندگان :
خورسند افشين دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي آب , رضاوردي نژاد وحيد دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي آب , مجنوني هريس ابوالفضل دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي آب , بشارت سينا دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي آب , عسگرزاده حسين دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم خاك , رحيمي امير دانشگاه اروميه - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت
كليدواژه :
اروميه و تنش آبي , دماي پوشش سبز , عملكرد دانه , كمبود فشار بخار هوا
چكيده فارسي :
روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮي )ﺑﯿﻼن اﻧﺮژي( ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه )CWSI( و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آب ﮔﯿﺎه را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي آﺑﯿﺎري در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺎدون ﻗﺮﻣﺰ دﺳﺘﯽ و روش ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 1981( .Idso et al در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺎش ﺳﯿﺎه ﺗﺤﺖ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ روش ﻗﻄﺮهاي در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري I2 ،I1 و I3 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 75 ،50 و 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ CWSI در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺎش ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي I1، I2 و I3 به ترتيب 0/37، 0/23 و 0/15 محاسبه گرديد. رابطه بين CWSI و عمق كل آبياري (ميلي متر) به صورت CWSI = -0.0008(I) + 0.58 و رابطه بين عملكرد دانه (تن بر هكتار) ماش سياه و CWSI نيز به صورت Yield = -1.8237(CWSI) + 2.1435 تعيين گرديد كه مقادير ضريب تبيين (R2) روابط به ترتيب 0/98 و 0/99 به دست آمد كه دقت بالاي مدل هاي رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، اﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻣﻘﺪار CWSI اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ CWSI، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ )I3( ﺑﺎ 0/15=CWSI اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺳﭙﺲ رواﺑﻄﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از CWSI در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از رﺷﺪ ﻣﺎش ﺳﯿﺎه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻏﺎز ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ-ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺎم، ﭘﺮﺷﺪن ﻧﯿﺎم و داﻧﻪ و رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ )Tc-Ta)C=4/0-4395/1585(AVPD) ،(Tc-Ta)C=1/0-9498/1579(AVPD(، )Tc-Ta)C=2/0-4676/0578(AVPD( و )Tc-Ta)C=5/0-7532/1462(AVPD( اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Empirical and theoretical methods (energy balance) are widely used to calculate the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) and irrigation scheduling to describe crop water status. In this study, irrigation scheduling was performed at the research farm of College of Agriculture, Urmia University, using a manual infrared thermometer and the empirical method of Idso et al. (1981) for the black gram under different irrigation regimes using drip irrigation in 2017. The experimental design was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three levels of irrigation I1, I2 and I3 which were 50, 75 and 100 percent water requirement in three replications, respectively. Using the baselines obtained for each treatment, the average CWSI values during the growth season of black gram for I1, I2 and I3 treatments were calculated to be 0.37, 0.23 and 0.15 respectively. The relationship between CWSI and total irrigation depth (mm) was determined as CWSI = -0.0008 (I) + 0.58, and the relationship between black gram grain yield (ton/hec) and CWSI was determined as Yield = -1.8237 (CWSI) + 2.1435 which their correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.98 and 0.99 respectively, which shows the high accuracy of regression models. In general, if the amount of water decreases with stress during the plant growth, the CWSI value increases, and as a result of increasing CWSI, the crop grain yield decreases. Finally, the no stress treatment (I3) with CWSI=0.15 was the basis for irrigation scheduling and then some relationships were established for determining the irrigation time using CWSI in Urmia climate for four stages of black gram growth; flowral induction-flowering, pod formation, seed and pod filling, and physiological maturity as (Tc ̶ Ta)C = 1.9498 ̶ 0.1579(AVPD), (Tc ̶ Ta)C = 4.4395 ̶ 0.1585(AVPD), (Tc ̶ Ta)C = 2.4676 ̶ 0.0578(AVPD) and (Tc ̶ Ta)C = 5.7532 ̶ 0.1462(AVPD), respectively.
