تاثير سطوح مختلف آبياري با پساب تصفيه شده شهري بر عملكرد و كارآيي مصرف آب ذرت در منطقه پاكدشت

The Effect of Different Irrigation Levels with Urban Treated Wastewater on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Corn in Pakdasht Region

ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪﺷﺪه ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ذرت داﻧﻪاي رﻗﻢ ﺳﯿﻨﮕﻞ ﮐﺮاس 704، در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 و در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ اﺑﻮرﯾﺤﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺎﮐﺪﺷﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻮع آب( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ )ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎري( در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آب ﭼﺎه )FW1( و ﭘﺴﺎب )W2( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 100 )D2) 75 ،(D1( و 55 )D3( درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮع آب ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 20904/18 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آب ﭼﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 17231/15 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در در هكتار به دست آمد. از لحاظ مقادير مختلف آب، تيمار D1 (100%) با 52/3 كيلوگرم ماده خشك بر متر مكعب بيشترين كارآيي مصرف آب و تيمار D2 (75%) و D3 (55%) به ترتيب با 3/46 و 3/44 كيلوگرم بر متر مكعب كمترين كارآيي مصرف آب را داشتند. نتايج تجزيه واريانس نشان داد كه آبياري با پساب تصفيه شده شهري، تاثير معني داري بر صفات عملكرد ماده خشك، طول بلال و همچنين كارآيي مصرف آب براساس عملكرد ماده خشك داشت. بنابراين مي توان پساب تصفيه شده در سطح 75 درصد نياز آبي در منطقه پاكدشت را به عنوان يك راهكار مديريتي براي آبياري پيشنهاد نمود.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation with urban treated wastewater on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of maize (Single cultivar 704) at the research field of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran in Pakdasht during the year of 2017. The experiment was carried out as split plots and based on the randomized completely block design with main factor (type of irrigation water) and sub factor (three levels of water requirement) with three replications. Type of Irrigation treatments included well water and treated wastewater that were used in three levels of water requirement including 100 (D1), 75 (D2) and 55 (D3) percent of maize water requirement. The results showed that the type of applied water caused a significant difference in dry matter, so that the highest yield (2090.18 kg/ha) was obtained in wastewater treatment and the lowest yield (17231/15 kg/ha) was obtained in well water treatment. In terms of different amounts of water, the highest water use efficiency based on dry matter (3.52 kg/m3) was obtained by D1 treatment (100%) and the lowest ones (3.46 and 3.44 kg/m3) were obtained by D2 (75%) and D3 (55%) treatments, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation with urban treated wastewater had a significant effect on dry matter yield, ear length and water use efficiency based on dry matter. Therefore, the refined wastewater at level of 75% water requirement can be suggested as a suitable irrigation practice for corn in Pakdasht area