بررسي تطبيقي نقش قاضي در ايجاد رويه قضايي در حقوق ايران و مصر

Comparative Study of Role of Judges in Creation of Jurisprudence

از آنجا كه جوامع انساني همواره پويا هستند و قوانين به بيان اصول و قواعد كلي بسنده مي­كنند، رويه قضايي در نقش تكميلي و تفسيري مي­تواند تفاسيري منطبق با واقعيات و ضروريات اجتماعي از قانون ارائه دهد؛ در حقوق ايران، رويه قضايي به معناي آراي همانند دادرسان از منابع تكميلي و تفسيري بوده و پذيرش اين امر كه موجد قاعده حقوقي باشد دشوار به نظر مي­رسد؛ در حقوق مصر قاضي را قانون گذار دومي مي­دانند كه به قانونگذار اول مي­پيوندد؛ قانونگذار مصري اهميت اجتهاد قضائي و اجتهاد فقهي را به رسميت مي­شناسد. مقاله حاضر در بخش اول؛ به بررسي نقش قاضي در نارسائي­هاي قانوني و در بخش دوم؛ به نقش قاضي در توسعه قواعد حقوقي مي­پردازد

Societies are always active and laws just emphases on the general principles and rules, jurisprudence can present the interpretations based on the facts and social requirements of the law. In Iran’s law, jurisprudence is the similar court judgment supplementary and expository sources of law which seems to be difficult to accept that creating legal rule; In Egyptian law, a judge has been known as the secondary legislator as well which joins with the first legislator; Egyptian legislator recognizes the importance of juridical and legal IJTIHAD. The main subject of this article is a comparative study of the role of judges in creation of jurisprudence in the Iranian law and one other legal written system which is presented in two parts. In the first part, the role of the judge in legal insufficiency and in the second part examines the role of the judge in the development of legal rules.