تحليل هيدروليكي و اقتصادي تلفيق آبياري باراني و قطره اي در شبكه آبياري پاياب سامانه گرمسيري استان ايلام

Hydraulic and Economic Analysis of Integrated Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation Systems in Irrigation Network of Tropical System of Ilam Province

ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ آﺑﭙﺎش ﻣﺘﺤﺮك، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در اراﺿﯽ زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺎﯾﺎب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه دﺷﺖ ﻣﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر )ﻣﺼﺎدف ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از 16 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻮده و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي زﯾﺎد، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎﻻ داراي ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در ﮐﺸﺖ دوم ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، اراﺿﯽ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻧﻮاراي ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ( در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺑﺘﺪا ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت زراﻋﯽ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ )ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار -Water GEMS( و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و اﺟﺮاي زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﻧﻮاري در ﻫﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ 15/1 ﺗﺎ 15/8 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن رﯾﺎل )ﻣﻌﺎدل 5/7 درﺻﺪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ( و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ 19 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن رﯾﺎل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 12350 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اراﺿﯽ زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ 8/85 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ در ﻣﺼﺮف آب و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮐﻞ ﻃﺮح از 145709 ﺑﻪ 165731 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن رﯾﺎل ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

The semi-portable sprinkler irrigation system is a base irrigation system in the irrigation network of tropical region in Ilam province. The climatic condition of tropical regions of Ilam, especially Mehran plain, is such that the average wind speed in May to September is more than 16 km/h and the use of sprinkler irrigation due to high temperature, low relative humidity and high wind speed faces to a severe limitations. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a system that is able to cover land in summer planting which is not suitable for sprinkler irrigation. The objective of this research was to study the hydraulic and economic feasibility of switching sprinkler irrigation systems into drip tape irrigation (integrated) in summer planting. For this purpose, different scenarios for developing of infrastructures required for converting sprinkler irrigation to drip tape irrigation system were designed and then these scenarios were analyzed in terms of hydraulic (Water-GEMS software) and economic factors. The results showed that the cost of provision and implementation of infrastructure for converting sprinkler irrigation to drip tape irrigation system is ranged between 15.1 to 15.8 million Rials (5.7 % total costs of the Sub-network) and the annual operating cost is 19 million Rials. Development of integrated irrigation systems at 12350 hectares of arable lands, will save water consumption by 8.85 MCM and increase net revenues from 145709 to 165731 million Rials.