طراحي الگوي انتخاب رشته محل داوطلبان كارشناسي ارشد مهندسي برق

Developing a Model of University-Discipline Choice of Postgraduate Applicants in Electrical Engineering Discipline

در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﯽ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﺑﯿﮑﺎري ﻓﺎرغاﻟﺘﺤﺼﯿﻠﺎن و... ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪي ﭘﯿﺶ روي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺎزﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﯿﺎن آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ و ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﺷﺘﻪ-ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﯽ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﭙﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ ﻋﻠﺎوه ﺑﺮ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاران آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐُﺪ-رﺷﺘﻪ-ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آن ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ رﻓﺘﺎر داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﺮق ﮐﻨﮑﻮر ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ ﺳﺎل 1397 اﺳﺖ و اﻟﮕﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﺷﺘﻪ-ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﻓﺮادي ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻟﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﺎي داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺪرﺷﺘﻪﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در ﺗﻬﺮان و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ )اﻋﻢ از روزاﻧﻪ و ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﺮق ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 75% ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ دو ﻧﻮع ﮐﺪ رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ اول اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺷﺎﻏﻠﺎن دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ، زﻧﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﺮدان ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر در ﮐﺪرﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان دارﻧﺪ. ﻋﻠﺎوه ﺑﺮ آن در ﻣﯿﺎن داوﻃﻠﺒﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ، ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻧﻮاع ﮐﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و در ﻣﯿﺎن اﻓﺮاد ﻏﯿﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ، ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ دورهﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ده درﺻﺪ رﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎد، دورهﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ.

In recent years, higher education in Iran has faced a variety of problems, such as university extra seats, unemployment of graduates, and so on, which cause critical challenges to educational planners and policy makers. Examining main determinants of the applicants’ choice is an important remedy to thses challenges that can be done through developing an appropriate university-discipline choice model. Results derived from such a model, can help educational planners to rectify the challenges and also improve the quality of the applicants’ choices. In other words, understanding the university choice models of applicants helps to understand university choice behavior in Iran and to improve the quality of their university choice, higher education policies, and the decisions of university administrators. In this article, the model of university choice and its determinants in terms of gender, occupation, and residence are designed and estimated using data on the characteristics of a randomly selected sample of participants in the 1331 entrance exam of Electrical Engineering master degrees. The data included information on the field chosen by participants who were allowed to choose the study field and select at least one university-location course. The results of the analyses emplying Rank-ordered logistic model, show a high tendency of the applicants to attend the state universities located in Tehran city and the capitals of Iran’s provinces. Women tend to prefer Tehran more than men and unemployed tend to be significantly more exposed to the daily courses of Tehran city universities.