مطالعۀ آسيب شناختي سير تحول ساختار فضايي شهر تاريخي نراقاز دهه 1340 تا دهه 1390

The Evolution of the Spatial Structure of Naraq, 1960s to 2010s; A Pathological Study

نراق داراي محدوده اي تاريخي است كه در دوران مختلف شكل گرفته و آثار معماري ارزشمندي را شامل مي شود. سازمان كالبدي فضايي شهر تاريخي در طول زمان آسيب زيادي ديده و چند دوره تحول مهم را پشت سر گذاشته است. يكي از مهمترين تحولات، تغيير جايگاه شهر در منطقه بوده است. از تغييرات قابل توجه ديگر كه برآمده از نوع مديريت و برنامه ريزي شهري است و بر سازمان فضايي و ساخت ارتباطي شهر تأثير زيادي داشته، احداث خيابان در دهه 1350 است. در اين مقاله ساخت شهر از منظر تحولات شش دهۀ اخير و با استفاده از تكنيك نحو فضا ، مطالعه و آسيب شناسي خواهد شد تا تأثير برنامه هاي تدوين شده و تغييرات رخ داده شده بر ساختار فضايي شهر روشن شود. بررسي هاي صورت گرفته در اين مقاله، علت مشكلات حادث شده براي شهر را در دورۀ زماني تعيين شده دنبال كرده و در پي تعيين جايگاه عناصر اصلي ساختار فضايي شهر از گذشته تا امروز است. مطالعۀ پيكره بندي شهر و تغييراتي كه در آن به وقوع پيوسته، نشان مي دهد كه ساختار فضايي نراق طي شش دهه، از شكل ارگانيك اوليه به شهري محوري تبديل شده است؛ به نحوي كه براساس آخرين تغييرات، دو هستۀ منفك را نيز شامل مي شود.

In addition to the natural characteristics of the area, Naraq has enjoyed a boom for a long time due to its location on the route of an important road for the caravans and travelers. Considering the visible changes in recent decades, the question arises that how has the urban structure changed due to the alterations that have taken place in the city? In this study, the pathology of the historic city focuses on the structure and configuration of the whole city and the spatial structure of Naraq are studied using the Space Syntax method. According to the results of the analysis based on the Space Syntax method, indicators such as integration and choice are scrutinized. The results show that the construction of the street in the early 1970’s has given the city a focal point and following the Kashan- Delijan road, it is in line with the whole city. During the changes that took place in the second period, the bazaar is still located in a significant part of the axial city and plays a key role in the urban configuration. Although since the 1970s the construction on the northern side of the river valley has been started in a limited way, but the urban development based on residential neighborhoods has created vast changes in its spatial structure since the late 1980s. As a result of these changes, the axial city in the second period has quickly become a dual-core city, as the street connects the two cores. In addition, the new urban structure, which is widely formed based on the street, and the position of historic urban cores on the south side of the street and the new residential core on the north, has led to the isolation of both of these cores.