اﻫﻤﻴﺖ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي

Investigating the role of fish in the social and economic history of the Safavid era

ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي اﻳـﺮان در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺤـﺎء ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﺎت ﺷﺎﻫﺎن ﺻﻔﻮي، درآﻣﺪ دوﻟﺖ و ﺳﻔﺮه ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺮدم و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺮ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ آن ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ از ﺳـﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎي راﻳﺞ و ﻓﺮشﻫﺎي دﺳﺖﺑﺎف ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه آﺑﺰي در دوره ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﺷﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭼﻨﺪ وﺟﻬـﻲ ﻣـﺎﻫﻲ در اوﺿـﺎع اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري آﺑﺰي ﻫﻢﭼﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺣﻴﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در ﻳﻚ دوره ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺧﺎص ﻫﻢﭼﻮن ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺻﻔﻮﻳﺎن زﻳﺎد اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻤﻲ در ﺳﻔﺮه ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺮدم و درﺑﺎر ﺻﻔﻮي دارد و ذاﺋﻘﻪي آﻧﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﻔﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﺖ ﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺳﻨﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ از ﻫﻤﺎن دوره اﺧﺘﻔﺎي ﺷﺎه اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ در ﮔﻴﻼن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد و او و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺎن ﺻﻔﻮي ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺖ و ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ روزﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎهﻫﺎ در ﻛﻨﺎر رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ و درﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﺮ روي ﻓﺮشﻫﺎي دﺳﺖﺑﺎف و ﺳﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﻮس ﺿﺮب ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ رودﻫﺎ و درﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑـﺮ اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ اﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪه آﺑـﺰي در ﺑﺎورﻫـﺎ و اﻋﺘﻘـﺎدات ﻣـﺮدم و ﺣﻜﻤﺮاﻧﺎن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Fish has played an important role in the social and economic history of Iran in different periods .The diversity of fish species and Its role of the entertainment Safavid kings, the government's income and the people's food supply, Also, his image is engraved on some common coins and hand-woven carpets indicate the importance This aquatic phenomenon in the Safavid period. this research has descriptive-analytical method,investigated the multifaceted role of fish in the social and economic conditions of the Safavid era. The main question in this study is what role can aquatic animals like fish have in the social and economic life of a society in a particular historical period such as the Safavids? Research findings indicate that although fish species are abundant in different regions of the Safavid realm, fish meat has a very small role in the food habits of the people and in the Safavid court and their tastes are mostly red meat and other white meats. Also the tradition of fish hunting is one of the traditions that has been considered as a tradition since the time of King Ismail in Gilan, and he and the other Safavid kings have a particular interest in this tradition and entertainment so that days or months in They do this by the rivers and lakes.The role of fish on hand-woven carpets and minted Floss coins in cities near rivers and lakes is also an important reason for the importance of this aquatic phenomenon in the beliefs of people and rulers.