كوﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻳﺮان در دورة رﺿﺎ ﺷﺎه (ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺌﻮري اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻠﻲ ﻓﺮدرﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ)

Endeavors to revive Iranian economy during Reza Shah Period (relying on Friedrich List’s national economy theory)

در دوران ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ رﺿﺎ ﺷﺎه در اﻳـﺮان 1925- 1941م(، ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮردﭼﺎر ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي دوﻟﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ، ﺑﺴـﻴﺎري از ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈـﺮان ﺑـﺮ ﺿـﺮورت ﺗﺤﻮل اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮي را ﻣﻠﺰم و ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮاي ﺗﺤـﻮﻻت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻲداﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ رﺿﺎ ﺷﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ﺳﻌﻲ در ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻲﮔﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻪ و ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﮔﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻪ در اﻳﺮان داﺷﺖ. در اﻳﻦ اﻳﺎم ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در آﻟﻤﺎن، ﭘﺎﻳﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺗﺌﻮري »اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻠﻲ« ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت »ﻓﺮدرﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ « - اﻗﺘﺼـﺎددان ﻣﻠـﻲ ﮔـﺮاي آﻟﻤـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻮد. ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي وي ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺌـﻮري »اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد ﻣﻠـﻲ « در ﻣﻴﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺪه 19 ﻣﻴﻼدي ﺑﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ درآﻣﺪ، ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ، ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﮔﺮاﻳﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ داﺷﺖ.اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ رﺿﺎﺷﺎه ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﭼﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫـﺎي ﻓﺮ درﻳـﻚ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ از اﻳﻦ رو، ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ و روش ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و واﻛﺎوي ﻗﺮار دادهاﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ، دوﻟـﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﺪرن رﺿﺎﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻠﻲ و ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از روﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮان اﻳـﺮان، ﺗـﻼش داﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺤﻮل در زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد ﻣﻠﻲ و ادﻏﺎم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد.

During Reza Shah’s monarchy in Iran (1941-1925), political, social and economic structures of Iran witnessed extensive revolution. Given the economic passivity and weakness of constitutional governments, most of experts emphasized on the necessity of economic revolution in Iran and they believed that Pahlavi government was bound and capable of implementing economic revolution in Iran. In responding to these demands, Reza Shah’s government influenced by German nationalist discourse tried ti implement nationalist and centralized theories in Iran. During that time, one of the significant evolutions in Germany was the foundation of national economy theory based on Friedrich List’s theories- German nationalist economist. His economic theories known as “National Economy Theory” were written in the mid-19the century which emphasized on nationalism, economic centralization and nationalization of all national economic resources. The main question of this article is: what national economic measures were taken during Reza Shah’s government and how they were related to Friedrich List’s theories? Hence, the authors of the present article investigate this subject through descriptive- analytic method. The findings of present study indicate that relying in national discourse and the support of some Iranian intellectuals, the modern absolute government of Reza Shah tried to make evolutions at different economic fields in order to provide required ground for the development of national economy and merging the small local economies in this economy.