پديد آورندگان :
دربان آستانه، محمدرضا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , شايان، حميد دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , عنابستاني، علي اكبر دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , سجاسي قيداري، حمداله دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد
چكيده لاتين :
1. Introduction
In the era of the emergence of knowledge-based economies, the process of continuous and rapid transformation is one of the most important trends in human life and it is one of the most important features of this phenomenon. Innovation, which is the basis of change and transformation, plays a fundamental and determining role in this field. So, in recent years, the only effective solution in the field of employment and rural economy of the country is the prosperity of entrepreneurship through innovation. The shortcomings related to rural area, specially weakness in the upgrade of direct employment power in that domain requires improvement of entrepreneurship by the way of innovation, which is the only solution. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify affecting innovation in the entrepreneurship in Faruj in order to make important steps for development of rural areas.
2. Review of Literature
Regarding the subject some researches have been conducted. What can be concluded from the studies is that entrepreneurship is interdisciplinary in nature and, depending on the views of experts, each of the studies have focused on specific aspects of this the phenomenon. None of the studies mentions a specific model and only a part of the entrepreneurship has been investigated from related fields of study. Moreover, one cannot find an innovative research in Iran on entrepreneurship and only are there some researches on creativity in entrepreneurship. No such research can be found in rural studies. Regarding researches conducted in or out of Iran, except for only a few, others have considered entrepreneurship as employment, job creation, and activity boosting or they have taken a creative approach, though rare in Iran, emphasized on
technology, equipping, and modernizing and there has been little mention of
empowering and strengthening the scientific foundation based on local considerations.
As a new work, this research provides a good combination of entrepreneurship and
innovation, especially currently in which Farouj city in particular and Iran in general
have a strong need to improve production and employment levels.
3. Method
The study used mixed (descriptive analytical) method. The sample was all
entrepreneurs and innovators of the city, nominated as entrepreneurship creative
and innovative individuals of North Khorasan province in the last 10 years (63
persons). For qualitative analysis, two other groups including 22 university
professors and 21 experts in rural affairs of Iranian organizations were interviewed.
The validity of research tools is proved by help of experts’ opinions and its
reliability was approved by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (&=898/0). For data
analysis in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS software was
applied. Considering the variables, Chi-square, Friedman, one sample t-test
analysis of variance were used.
4. Results and Discussion
In this study, descriptive statistics showed that individual and family characteristics
index with score of 3.44 and education and research index with score of 3.37 have
the highest averages as structural indicators of rural innovations. Friedman test
results showed the significance of the test; therefore, the individual and family
characteristics have the highest priority. Moreover, the results of single sample ttest showed that all rural innovative indexes are above the theoretical average (that
was 3). Meanwhile confirmation of a signification difference between the three
target groups opinion, ANNOVA proved that the main factors are "transnational
and external" factors from the viewpoint of university professors, experts in rural
affairs of organizations, and "individual and family" factors from the innovators’
perspective.
5. Conclusion
The results show that from among the three groups, there is consensus among
university professors and experts in rural affairs that emphasize on transnational
and external factors as the most important factor influencing innovation in the
entrepreneurial process. Declining status in global rankings, such as productivity,
innovation, and competitiveness, indicate this fact. On the other hand, the choice of
individual and family factors as the most important factor by rural innovators
indicates the effects of the village and smaller environments. Therefore, it can be
said that strengthening individual and family factors in the rural environment and
enhancing international relations and greater global interactions can raise the level
of innovation in the region. Therefore, the growth of individual and family factors of innovation in rural environment and the strengthening of foreign and international relations and further global interaction can raise the level of innovation in the region. Because strengthening the above-mentioned factors will lead to the development of rural areas, increase in production, economical boom and job creation. Finally, recognizing and strengthening the structural factors affecting innovation can be effective in reducing the rate of rural-urban migration and reducing the level of unemployment and poverty in future.
