كليدواژه :
كوخي كورتك , فضاي معماري , راه هاي ارتباطي , كاروانسراهاي كوهستاني
چكيده فارسي :
در مهاباد آثار درخور و قابل توجهي از دورۀ صفوي به جاي مانده است. بعضي از اين آثار همانند «كوخي كورتك» تا به حال بررسي نشده و مورد توجه باستان شناسان قرار نگرفته اند. هدف اصلي از اين نوشتار معرفي بناي كورتك است. روش بررسي به اين صورت بوده كه از تمام فضاهاي بنا عكس و نقشه تهيه شده و سپس براي معرفي بهتر بنا، فضاها با حروف انگليسيA ،B ، C، و D نامگذاري شده اند. در پايان مطالعات تطبيقي با ساير كاروانسراهاي كوهستاني شمال غرب ايران انجام گرفته است. اين مقايسه نشان داد كه ابعاد، ريخت پلان و موقعيت فضاهاي اين كاروانسرا با ساير كاروانسراهاي شمال غرب ايران متفاوت است. ساختار كلي، ويژگي فضاها و موقعيت قرارگيري، بناي كورتك را در دستۀ كاروانسراهاي كوهستاني با پلان تك ايواني قرار مي دهد. رويكرد ديگر كه در اين پژوهش استفاده شد، رجوع به متون قديمي از جمله سفرنامه ها بود. با وجود آنكه بناي كورتك بر سر شبكۀ راه هاي ارتباطي قرار داشته است، هيچ كدام از سياحان و گردشگران به اين بنا اشاره نكرده اند. معرفي اين بنا بي ترديد در دانسته هاي ما از آثار دوران اسلامي بسيار سودمند خواهد بود.
چكيده لاتين :
There are a number of remarkable monuments left for us from the Safavid period. Some of them have not yet been studied and failed to attract archaeologists such as Kūkhī Kūrtak. This paper aims to introduce the monument known as Kūkhī Kūrtak. The method of investigation is firstly to document all spaces of the building through photography and drawing its plan. Then, to provide a better introduction, English
Alphabet (A, B, C, D) has been used. Finally, it has been
compared with other caravanserais situated in mountainous
regions of northwest of Iran. The comparison reveals that its
plan, dimensions and situations of spaces are quite different
from the other caravanserais situated in mountainous regions
of northwest of Iran. The general structure, particularities
of spaces and its situation classify this construction as
a mountainous caravanserai that has a one-portico plan.
Another method was to refer to classical texts such as
travelogues. Although Kūkhī Kūrtak was located at the road
network, but none of the travelers mentioned anything about
it. Undoubtedly, introduction of this building will contribute
to our information about the constructions of the Islamic
period. Kūkhī Kūrtak is a rectangular structure which is 210
m2 in area. Its length is 21 m and its width 10 m. Direction
of the structure is northwestern-southeastern. It comprises of four divided spaces. As it has been established in a mountain
which is very difficult to reach and as it has closed spaces,
it has been classified as a mountainous caravanserai. From
the other side, regarding its area, it seems to be an on-
road abode. The remaining caravanserais which are in the
northwest of Iran are dissimilar from Kūkhī Kūrtak in terms
of architectural plan. The nearest caravanserai to Kūkhī
Kūrtak is Saghez-Bāneh caravanserai which the structure
of its spaces is very varying from Kūkhī Kūrtak. In order
to be more unaffected by mountainous climate stones and
stucco have used as materials. Kūkhī Kūrtak caravanserai
has been located at the road network that connected Iraq and
Syria to the northwest of Iran. As there were a number of
ancient bridges in Sardasht as well as this caravanserai in Kūrtak Gorge, one can find an important connecting road in
the region that reached to the Silk Road at the southern part
of the Uromia Lake. It is very difficult to date this structure;
hence, first of all, man should pay attention to the fact that
this region has been very significant in two time periods:
1) The Ilkhanid period in which Bāneh was a neighbor to
Sardasht and based on a report there was a mint in Bāneh.
2) The Safavid period in which there was a powerful local
ruler over there that has left many things for us. Considering
the fact that there were a series of developing activities at
the time of Bodāgh al-Sultan in this area, it seems that this
monument dates to the Safavid era. At the end, it should be
said that its current situation is critical and if no conservation
or restoration activity is applied, the ongoing course of
ruination will end in its ever-lasting total destruction.
