چكيده فارسي :
برج هاي آرامگاهي بناهايي يادماني هستند كه جلوه بيروني شان اهميت بسيار دارد. دسته اي از آن ها در بدنه خارجي خود لبه هاي مثلث شكل دارند و گنبد قابوس اولين برج شناخته شده از اين نوع است. دندانه هاي گنبد قابوس با فاصله از هم قرار گرفته اند. برج دندانه دار مهمان دوست نيز از اين جهت شبيه به گنبد قابوس است. برج مهمان دوست متعلق به دوره سلجوقي است كه در آن دوره نوآوري در ساخت بناها رونق داشت. با وجود مطالعاتي كه پيش تر درباره آن انجام شده، بررسي نگارنده نشان مي دهد كه همچنان نكات و مواردي براي پژوهش درباره اين برج وجود دارد. هدف مقاله حاضر بررسي بدنه خارجي برج مهمان دوست از جهت ويژگي هاي معماري و عناصر تزييني، و نوآوري ها در مقام يكي از برج هاي آرامگاهي دندانه دار است. اين تحقيق با روش توصيفي تحليلي انجام شده و در اين مسير از مطالعات كتابخانه اي و مشاهده ميداني برج استفاده شده است. مهم ترين نتايج به دست آمده اين موارد است: پيش تر در آجرچيني نماي برج، بندهاي افقي پر بوده و احتمالا بندهاي عمودي انگشت فشاري داشته است و محل و نقش مقرنس آن با مقرنس برج هاي مشهور پيشين متفاوت است. همچنين اين برج با نمونه هاي دندانه دار مشابهش تفاوت هايي دارد: بخش اصلي بدنه خارجي اش دوازده ضلعي است و دندانه هاي آن تزييني اند. بخش بالاي بدنه اش به سبب وجود مقرنس در مرحله انتقال، حضور بخشي مدور در بالاي بدنه دندانه دار و زير گنبد، تزيينات پركار، و موقعيت و عرض بخش تزيين شده، در ميان نمونه هاي مشابه شاخص است. در ميان اين نمونه ها بخش بالاي بدنه برج طغرل بيش ترين شباهت را به برج مهمان دوست دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Mausoleum towers are of monuments that their exterior façade is of paramount importance. A type of them enjoys
triangular fluted projections in its exterior body and Gonbad-e Qabus is the earliest known tower of this kind.
These projections have distance. There is also another tower
that resembles Gonbad-e Qabus in this regard. The latter
is Mehmāndūst Tower in Damqan that dates back to the
Seljuq period in which there existed many architectural
innovations. Although there are a number of investigations
on this tower, but the author’s research proved that more
investigations can be done on its innovations and other
points that have not been investigated in this building. It
can also be compared with other similar towers that enjoy
fluted projections. Consequently, the aim of this research
is to study Mehmāndūst Tower in terms of architecture,
decorative elements, innovations as well as being as a fluted
mausoleum tower. It is worthy of mentioning that the interior
of this building is completely simple and lacks a dome at
the moment. There is no specific description or image of
the dome in any available historical document. For the same
reason, the present research is more focused on the exterior
part of the tower that constitutes the important part of the
mausoleum towers. This investigation uses descriptiveanalytical method and library and field studies have been
also used.
This research firstly examines previous investigations of
Mehmāndūst Tower and then introduces the tower. Later, the
exterior part of the monument has been investigated in three
parts: the base, middle part and the upper section. Afterwards,
the entrance of the tower has been looked into. Thereafter,
some facts about the dome have been presented and finally
the conclusion has been offered. The findings are divided
into three categories: 1) The exterior façade of the tower, 2)
Innovations used in comparison with earlier towers, and 3)
The exterior façade as one of the fluted mausoleum towers.
The most important findings are as follows: based on the old
images in brick bond of the exterior façade the horizontal and
vertical strips were not as they seem today in a way that the horizontal ones were not empty and it is also probable that
the vertical brick bond of the façade would enjoy Angoshfeshārā
strips. In addition, the body of the tower had been
directly connected to the base and there was no staircase-like
point at their place of joint as it looks like today. Contrary to its present situation, it seems that brick bond of the base
lacked any decoration. Among the innovations employed
in this monument, one can mention its moqarnas that its
place and design are quite different from the earlier known
towers. This moqarnas stands at the lowest part of the upper
section of the tower where it transforms a dodecagonal fluted
circumference into a circular form. Moreover, this tower has
prominent dissimilarities with other towers with projections:
the main part of the exterior body is dodecagonal and its
projections function as decorative elements. The upper part
of its body is also extraordinary among its similar instances
for a number of reasons: appearance of moqarnas at the
point of transformation, emergence of a circular part at the
top of the fluted section and beneath the dome, complicated
decorations, complete separation of decorations from the
projected part and their position where the transformation
into the upper circular part occurs and finally the proportion
of big width of the decorated section to the entire body of
the monument. Among all similar buildings, the upper part
of Tughrul Tower (belonging to the Seljuq period) resembles
Mehmāndūst Tower the most.
