كليدواژه :
مكريان , آشور , اورارتو , ماناها , صفوي , شيخ حيدر بداق سلطان , مقبره , مهاباد , پژوهش و احيا
چكيده فارسي :
آرامگاه ها در بافت جامعه و فرهنگ ايراني ريشه دوانده و كمتر شهري در ايران است كه سهمي از چنين بناهايي نداشته باشد. در استان آذربايجان غربي تعداد مقابر بسيار اندك است به استثناي مقبرۀ سلجوقي سه گنبد در اروميه و بقعۀ سه امامزاده كه ساختمان آنها به پس از دورۀ زنديه تعلق دارد و مقبره نوساز سيدصدرالدين حسني شيرازي صدرالصدور شاه اسماعيل صفوي كه در جنگ چالدران شهيد شده است، بناي آرامگاه بداق سلطان حكمران مكريان در زمان شاه سليمان صفوي، يكي از قديم ترين مقابر دوران اسلامي در استان آذربا جان غربي و تنها مقبره در داخل قبرستان عمومي شهري است. اين بناي تاريخي آرامگاه خانوادگي بداق سلطان و ديگر افراد خاندان مكري است كه حدود چهار قرن در اين ناحيه فرمانروايي داشته اند. متأسفانه بعد از سقوط دولت ملي و مقتدر صفويه بر اثر حوادث پي درپي، ناامني ها و اختلافات محلي آسيب زيادي به مقبرۀ بداق سلطان، والي خوش نام مكريان و ديگر افراد آن خاندان وارد شده بود. به طوري كه ايوان شمالي و جنوبي آن به كلي تخريب شده و سنگ نوشته روي قبور به استثناي سنگ قبر آخرين والي اين خاندان (عبدا لله خان) تمامي خرد و نابود شده بودند. طبق متون تاريخي، به استناد تكه سنگهاي قبرهاي باقيمانده،
مقايسۀ بنا با مسجد جامع مهاباد يا مسجد سور و روايات معتمدان و بازماندگان خانوادۀ مكريان، اين مقبره متعلق به بداق سلطان و ديگر افراد خاندان ايشان است كه در زمان خود منشأ خدمات شايسته در منطقه بوده و در بره ه هايي از تاريخ با متجاوزان و بيگانگانِ مهاجم مبارزات قابل توجه كرده اند.
چكيده لاتين :
The tomb of Bodagh Sultan belongs to the Mukrian’s ruler, during the reign of Shah Suleiman the Safavid. It’s a
tomb from the Islamic era in West Azerbaijan province, in Mahabad city. This historic building is the family tomb of
Bodagh Sultan and other members of the Mukri’s family,
who ruled this area for about four centuries. Bodagh Sultan
made great efforts to develop his region and participated
in forming the Mukrian’s city by constructing commercial
and social centers such as: caravanserai, aqueduct, bazaar,
mosque, bath and bridge. Bodagh Sultan’s tomb is located
in the center of the old cemetery. According to the historical
texts, tombstones and citation of trustees and survivors of
Mukrian family, this tomb belongs to Bodagh Sultan and it
is the place of a number of prominent members of his family
who buried here in the Safavid period. Most of the members
of this family, from Shah Ismail Safavi to Nasser al-Din
Shah Qajar, were governors in Mukrian region. They fought
with invaders, and because of popularity of the Sultan and
the elders who buried in the tomb, some people of different
parts of Kurdistan always visit the tomb. After the fall
of Safavid Dynasty, the tomb of Bodagh Sultan damaged a
lot, because of insecurities and local disputes. Even though this building was registered as national monuments in Iran,
the damages hadn’t been done and tomb had become half
destroyed. The north Ivan and the south Ivan were completely
destroyed, and heterogeneous repairs and additions
were made. Also a humble door was installed to enter the
domed nave. The graves’ inscriptions, were also completely
destroyed, except the tombstone of Abdullah Khan, the last
governor of the family. From 1991 to 1995, according to an
approved planning, the cultural heritage department of West
Azerbaijan provinc restored this historical monument after
doing archeological and architectural researches. At the first
step, debris and mass of the shrine grounds on the northern
side of the mausoleum removed, with an area of about 42 square meters. After completing the excavations in the
destroyed spaces and discovering the foundations and remnants
of the walls and part of the arches, niches, walls on
both sides of the entrances to the shrine (north Ivan), and the
entrance Ivan (south side), the reconstruction map was prepared,
under supervision of Dr. Baqir Ayatollahzade Shirazi.
In 1992, the reconstruction and completion of the north and
south Ivans and the outer body of the tomb continued, and
the reconstruction of the side walls, arch and dome, and the
architectural elements of both Ivans were completed. Now
this building is a symbol of the city and one of the historical
and tourist attractions of Mahabad.
