بازنگري تاريخ سيدون علي نقياي ابرقو

Re-Dating the Monument Seyedun Ali Naghia in Abarghu

بقعه سيدون علي نقيا گنبدي مرتفع در شهر ابرقو است كه هيچ كتيبه تاريخ دار يا حاوي نام باني در آن به چشم نمي خورد. بنا در منابع پيشين، به اختصار بررسي شده و بر مبناي تاريخ گذاري دونالد ويلبر به قرن هشتم هجري نسبت داده شده است. البته در پرونده ثبت ملي اين بنا به قرون ششم تا هشتم منتسب شده است. متن حاضر بر مبناي بررسي هاي كالبدي، تطبيقي به تاريخ گذاري بنا پرداخته و اين پرسش را دنبال مي كند كه آيا بنا در يك دوره تاريخي شكل گرفته يا نه؟ و تاريخ شكل گيري بنا چه دوره اي است؟ پرسش ديگر در مورد كاربري اوليه بنا است. مشابهت كاشي هاي ازاره بنا و شيوه ترسيم خط كوفي كتيبه و گوشه سازي بنا مشابهت با بناهاي قرن هشتمي ديگري در منطقه يزد و اصفهان را نشان مي دهد. هم چنين مضمون يكي از كتيبه هاي بنا به طور خاص به كاربري تدفيني بنا اشاره مي كند. بنا از حيث كالبد و تزيينات به مقبره تخريب شده حسن بن كيخسرو شباهت بسيار دارد. بررسي كالبدي سيدون علي نقيا شواهد خاصي از دو دوره ساختماني را نشان نمي دهد و بنا احتمالا در يك دوره تاريخي واحد شكل گرفته است. كتيبه هاي بنا در اين متن براي بار اول خوانده شده و پيش بيني مي شود كه شواهد بيش تري در طي مرمت هاي آينده اثر به دست خواهد آمد.

Seyedun or Seyedun Ali Naghia tomb is located in Nebadan district of Abarghu. This clay monument is a tall dome chamber on the exterior cover of whose dome there are bricks as well as blue and azure tiles. The interior dado is also covered by tiles and the underneath surfaces are decorated with clay Muqarnas, inscriptions and slight painting ornaments. A vast part of the dome cover crumpled probably in 1330sSH (1950s AD) and was renovated some decades later. This building is a mosque attributed to 9th century (AH) called masjid-hosseiniyeh or hosseiniyeh of Nebadan. A small part of it which is part of the attached installations has just remained. It has had an altar whose direction confirmed to the skew Qibla of the congregational mosque and masjidhosseiniyeh of Abarghu. No dated inscription or including the founder name one can be found there. Seyedun Ali Naghia has been briefly inspected in the previous references and is attributed to 8th century (AH) based on Donald Wilber and Godard’s dating while it has been attributed to 6th- 8th centuries (AH) in the national registration file. In this research we try to date the tomb through investigating related documents, its structure and also the comparative inspection conducted during the preparation period of the renovation plan. In addition, we look for the answer to the question whether it was constructed in one single era and when it was built. Its initial function is another issue to be investigated. The dado tiles order, the way of drawing and embellishing Kufic handwriting of the inscriptions and the way of creating squinches in this monument to a great extent resemble 8th century monuments of Yazd and Isfahan. Moreover, the content of the verses written on the inscriptions which alludes to the burial use of them, in addition to above-mentioned traits, arouse the strong possibility of this monument being built as a tomb and for burial purposes. Both the structure and the ornaments are very similar to the damaged tomb of Hasan Ebn-Keikhosro (with an inscription dated 707-718 AH). Since the construction date of that tomb is known, it is likely that Seyedun Ali Naghia was also built in the first quarter of 8th century; the era during which king Mobarez Al-Din could overcome Yazd and Meibod that led to the reign of Mozaffarian dynasty to start. In addition, based on its similarities to 8th century monuments like Seyedun Golsorkhi and Hasan Ebn-Keikhosro domes and through investigating Jame’ Al-kheirat endowment in which Nebadan desert of Abarghu has been mentioned, we conceive that the mentioned buildings were all made in one single era with the fund of a famous figure who might belong to Seyed Rokn Al-Din family. Through investigating the structure of Seyedun Ali Naghia no trace of two different eras was found which leads us to the strong possibility that all of them were constructed in one single era. The content of the inscriptions read in this research for the first time, are Quran-related. We can foresee that more evidences particularly of the original forms of dome covers ornaments would be obtained through future renovations which might in turn reveal other aspects of the monument history.