كليدواژه :
پوشش گياهي بشكرد , جَگ , شواهد تاريخي , معماري , مصنوعات دست ساخت
چكيده لاتين :
Jag, scientifically known as Dalbergja sissoo and Shisham_ Persian name_, and local names Sassam, Jag, Jagh and Ciso, is a medium-sized tree that often grows in the highlands and along the mountain rivers. Habitats of this plant
species have been reported in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia,
Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan, and in
southeastern Iran in the Makran Heights, Jabal_Barez and
Bashkard mountain ranges. Bashkard mountainous areas,
the research area of this article; including Kart Zani, Pish
Jā, Grish-e Jāsbi, Parkhāsh, Ashnut, Jagdān and Angoharan
/ Goharan have been reported as the natural habitats for Jag.
More specifically, Gi majg _ 1600 AMSL_ and Pisken _ 995
AMSL_ are the habitats that have been reported as a result of
local visits (Emtehani and Jazireh-ee 1381:58). The author
has also observed this tree and its various uses in the heights
of Dar-gwan village, Dar shahr city, Kāhken and Ahviri
mountain range.
In linguistic and archeological studies, there is some
evidence that firms this tree’s historical uses: the name of
this tree and its wood uses are mentioned in Assyrian and
ancient Persian texts, and also some parts of it have been found in archeological excavations in Harappa, Mohenjodaro,
Mehrgarh, Tell Abraq and Shahr-e Sukhteh. Most
importantly, as the well-known Russian Iranologist and
linguist Ilya Gershevitch acknowledges, Darius’s inscription
mentions the use of Jag wood in the construction of Apadana
palaces of Susa. As a result of a research trip (to record
Bashkardi language) to fourteen Bashkard villages and Dargwan
village, and observing Jag tree and the doors made of its
wood, Gershevitch suggests this hypothesis that these woods
may have been transported from Bashkard to the sea through
Minab River, and then they were taken to Susa. During
archeological research in the area, the author found a vessel
made of Jag wood in a historical-Islamic area at a mountain
hillside near Jagin Dam. Then with locals’ guidance, He saw
the Jag tree, near the village of Shun and Sit-e-pirow River
at Dar-gwan village heights. Then, searching for the artists,
craftsmen and professionals in this field, he found people
with the knowledge of the right quality and having the skill
of cutting and shaping the trunk and branches of this tree with simple and basic tools in Dar-gwan and kulegh villages.
This article - following valuable reports and researches by
Ilya Gershevitch is an attempt to introduce this valuable
plant species to the archeological community, a brief mention
of historical sources that include the use of Jag, evidence
of its use in historical and Islamic times in Bashkard, the
possibility of communication between Susa and Bashkard
and Jag wood transfer from Bashkard to Susa in order to
construct Darius’ palaces. Also, hope that it will be the
beginning of further professional studies in this field with
the help of other sciences such as ancient languages, ancient
botany, ancient climatology and archeology.
