كليدواژه :
افراط‌گرايي , روند‌پژوهي , تروريسم , هنجار سلفي , نظام بين‌الملل
چكيده فارسي :
افراط‌گرايي سلفي ازجمله مهم‌ترين پويايي‌هاي جهان اسلام بوده است كه متأثر از مؤلفه‌هاي هويت بنياد دروني و هم‌چنين فشار ساختاري بيروني، نضج پيدا كرده است. به‌گونه‌اي كه تروريسم سلفي به اصلي‌ترين عامل آشوب منطقه‌اي و تهديد امنيت بين‌المللي تبديل شده است. اما در كنار تبيين چرايي، چگونگي شكل‌گيري تروريسم سلفي، آنچه ضرورت دارد آيندهِ تداوم و تغيير در وضعيت جريان سلفي در گستره جهان اسلام است. بر اين اساس پرسش اصلي اين پژوهش آن است كه: «مؤلفه‌هاي پيش‌برنده مؤثر بر روند آتي افراط‌گرايي سلفي در جهان اسلام كدامند؟» در پاسخ به اين پرسش با توجه به چارچوب نظري سازه‌انگاري، مي‌توان فرضيه اصلي پژوهش را اين‌گونه ارائه نمود كه؛ «قوام متقابل ساختار نظام بين‌الملل و افراط‌گرايي سلفي با تشديد خشونت‌هاي دوجانبه نقطه محوري در روند چهار دهه افراط‌گرايي سلفي در جهان اسلام بوده است و بر همين اساس مي‌توان مؤلفه‌هاي امكاني متعددي را در سه سطح داخلي(نظير؛ استبداد سياسي، دغدغه‌هاي هويتي)، منطقه‌اي(نظير؛ وجود دولت‌هاي فرقه‌گرا، رقابت هويتي، عدم موازنه قدرت، خلأهاي امنيتي و ...) و بين‌المللي (ساختار هژمونيك، فشارهاي يكسان‌سازي فرهنگي، ايجاد امت مجازي و ...) براي روند تداوم افراط‌گرايي در چشم‌انداز آتي مدنظر داشت. البته افراط‌گرايي سلفي با مؤلفه‌هايي چون؛ تغيير در جغرافياي عمليات، تحول كنش تروريستي، باز تعريف دعوت سلفي و ... به انطباق‌پذيري با تحولات نوين دست خواهد زد.»
چكيده لاتين :
1.Introduction
Salafi extremism has been one of the most important dynamics in the Islamic world. Extremism has developed from the identity components of the internal foundation as well as the external structural pressure. For this reason, Salafi terrorism has become the main cause of regional unrest and a threat to international security. In addition to explaining why and how this problem arose, what is important is the continuation and change in the future situation of the Salafi movement in the Islamic world.
2.Methodology
Accordingly, the main question of this study is what are the factors affecting the future trend of Salafi extremism in the Islamic world. The theoretical framework of constructivism is used to find the answer to this question. In such framework, we can pay attention to three levels of analysis, domestic, regional, and international. Also, structure and agent effects. In the following, the method of futures research is used with emphasis on trend research. In the process of research, the main factors that existed in the past are extracted. Based on this, future trends are identified
3.Discussion and Result
Based on the research method, a conceptual model of the influence of extremism (agent) and the international system (structure) is presented. Based on this, the most important factors that affect the future of extremism are examined. Some factors seem to undermine extremism. These factors are considered a disadvantage such as internal divisions of extremist Salafi groups. Some factors that are mainly structural are presented as possible factors. Possible factors in three levels of domestic, regional, and international analysis, in the long term, cause extremism in the Islamic world. Also, in the medium term, extremist groups show behaviors in the face of the new situation. This case is also mentioned as a comparative action in research.
4.Conclusion
The main hypothesis of the research can be presented as follows: The interdependence of the structure of the international system and Salafi extremism with the escalation of bilateral violence has been a focal point in the four-decade process of Salafi extremism in the Islamic world. (e.g. the existence of sectarian states, identity competition, power imbalances, security gaps) and international (hegemonic structure, cultural unification pressures, the creation of a virtual nation) were considered for the continuation of extremism in the future. Of course, Salafi extremism with components such as changes in the geography of operations, the evolution of terrorist activity, and the redefinition of the Salafi invitation will lead to adaptation to new developments.
