تحليل فضايي تصادفات درون شهري (مطالعه موردي: شهر اروميه)

Spatial Analysis of Intra- City Accidents (Case Study: Uromia City)

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺼﺎدفﻫﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ رو ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آنﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎ و دوﻟﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﺟﺎﻧﯽ، رواﻧﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﻣﻮاردي ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺒﺮان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﺪاف ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ روانﺳﺎزي ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ درون ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ، ﺿﺮورت دارد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺗﺼﺎدفﻫﺎي درون ﺷﻬﺮي راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮي ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺬارده ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت درون ﺷﻬﺮي اروﻣﯿﻪ و اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻣﺎر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS( ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدفﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ و راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ درون ﺷﻬﺮي اروﻣﯿﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1392 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﻞ ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ARC GIS ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ؛ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ 1 و 3 و اﻃﺮاف ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ4( رخ داده اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺟﺎذب ﺳﻔﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 4 ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﺎل 92 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/001 اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻬﺮ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Automobile accidents are increasing in Iran’s metropolises today resulting very high financial losses for families and government. Since the financial, physical, mental and social losses are irreversible and one of the most important purposes in the transportation planning is to make the intra-city traffic light it is necessary to implement effective strategiesto prevent the losses caused by intra-city accidents. Regarding this problem the main purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of intra-city accidents in Uromia city. The study also proposes proper strategies to decrease automobile accidents. This research is functional in purpose with analytic-descriptive survey method conducted in terms of spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). The population of the study is all accidents recorded by traffic police in Uromia city in 2013. The result of the Kernal Density analysis with ArcGIS software show that the most automobile accidents happened in region 1 and 3 and in the down town (region 4) and main center of accident in the city is in region 4 because this region has travel absorbing centers. In addition, according to the statistical test nearest neighborhood index, diffusion of accident points in 2013 is 0.001 and it shows that distribution of accident point follows clustered pattern in the same year