ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي- روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻃﺎرم، اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ (AHP)

Evaluating the Ecologic Potential for Urban-Rural Development of Tarom’s Basin, Zanjan Province Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﻫﺎ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻮار اﺳﺖ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. در واﻗﻊ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻃﺎرم واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن ﺑﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر، از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و وارد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ Arc GIS و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وزن ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وزن ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲﻫﺎي اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﯿﺐ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ وزن ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ آن اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﺐ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ 0- 2 ﺗﺎ 8- 12 درﺻﺪ را داراﺳﺖ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﮏ و ... ﺑﻮده، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Idrisi اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺪﯾﻦﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﺳﺖ: ﺣﺪود 14/36 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي ﺗﻮان درﺟﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺣﺪود 10/12 درﺻﺪ داراي ﺗﻮان درﺟﻪ دو ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي- روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده و 75/52 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Nowadays correct planning and comprehensive utilization of the environment is based on the recognition of talents and evaluation of the productive potential of the region. The evaluation of the regions’ ecologic potential is the middle phase of the region planning or environmental planning process. In fact, region evaluation provides the primary information of the second phase of regional planning including choosing the most appropriate utilization of the region and the management system. In this manner, the purpose of the present study is to determine the most desired and appropriate environmental areas of Tarom’s basin located in Zanjan province with evaluating the ecologic potential for developmental application. To this end, the analytic hierarchy process analysis (AHP) and the geographical information system (GIS) was used. In the manner that after conducting the intended information layers and application of these information layers in the Arc GIS environment and after the conduction and completion of the questionnaire by the subject-related professionals, prototype and normal matrix has been completed for designating the relative weight of the layers. In the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), regarding to the relative weight of the layers which were designated after the completion of the questionnaire by the subject-related professionals and conduction of prototype and normal matrix and the results showed that the highest controlling variable is the gradient with the highest percentage of relative weight. Therefore, the region’s central parts which has the least gradient meaning acquiring 0-2 up to 8-12 percent and in the manner of vegetation includes low density fields and thinly scattered forests are the most appropriate parts for development. Finally, the determination of final weight of layers and combining the data was performed in the Idrisi software that the results of this method are as follows: about 14.36 percent of the total area acquires grade one appropriate potential, and about 10.12 percent acquires the grade two potential appropriate for urban- rural development and 75.52 percent also lacks the desired potential for such developments.