ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪة رﻳﺴﻚﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ

Determinants of banks' risk-taking in Iran with emphasis on ownership structure

ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺤﻮة اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪة رﻳﺴـﻚ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮي در ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪاري اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮاي دﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ اﻳـﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻳﻲ، ﻧﺤﻮة ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬاري ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻳﻲ از رﻳﺴﻚ اﻋﺘﺒﺎري و ﺛﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ ﺑﺮازش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻛـﻪ از ﻳـﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 18 ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1393 -1388 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ، ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، در ﻣﻌﺮض رﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻗـﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ در ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﻳﺴﻚ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺛﺒﺎت ﺷـﺪه و در ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﻲ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ وﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺛﺒﺎت ﺧﻼف رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ( ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺪازة ﺑﺎﻧﻚ، ﺳﻮدآوري، ﺑﻬﺮه وري و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﻘـﻮق ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺎن ﺳـﻬﺎم ﺑـﻪ داراﻳـﻲ، روي رﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﺒﺎري و ﺛﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ، ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارﻧﺪ.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the determinants of risk-taking in the banking industry in iran with a special emphasis on ownership structure variable.. To do so, a panel data set of 18 banks over the periods of 2009- 2014 is being collected and used. Using panel data estimation methods, indicators associated in credit risk and stability is regressed on ownership structure variable and a set of other explanatory and controlling variables. The findings showed that in general banks with high ownership concentration are at higher risk. Also, the concentration of ownership in private banks caused to increase the risk and at the same time reduce the stability indicator while state-owned banks show similarly, an increase in the risk but with less intensity and an increase in the stability contrary to private banks.