ارائه مدلي براي دستيابي به هدايت تحصيلي كارآمد دانش آموزان در نظام آموزشي ايران

providing a model for achiving to effective educational guidance for students in Iran's educational system

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از روش ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ از داده و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اي ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي، ﺗﻌﺪاد 17 ﻧﻔﺮ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﺪاد 242 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ 39 ﺳﺆال ﺑﻮد.در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ رواﯾﯽ از ﭼﮏ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ از راﻫﺒﺮد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﯾﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮات ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آزﻣﻮن آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/96 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮد. روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤّﯽ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ و از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار LISREL ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪي، ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺪل ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﯾﺎﺑﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت، داﻧﺶ ﻣﺪاري و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ، ﻫﻤﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ داراي ﺑﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي0/51 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻟﺬا ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪي، ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮازش و ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ 0/037 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪل اﺳﺖ.

The aim of this study is to provide a model for achiving to effective student educational guidance in Iran's educational system. The research approach was mixed method with exploratory desigen. In qualitative part of the research, the Grounded Theory method and in quantitative part a descriptive survey type was used. Sampling method in qualitative part was purposive and in quantitative part was Random stratified. The statistical sample in qualitative part was 17 people, according to theoretical saturation law, and in quantitative part was 242 people according to the Cochran formula. The data collection tool in qualitative part was semi-structured interview and in quantitative part was researcher-made questionnaire with 39 questions. In qualitative part for achieving the validity from checking by contributors and to determine the reliability, approval strategy of research colleagues was used. In quantitative part expert's opinions were used to assess the validity and the result of Cronbach's alpha test was 0.96, which indicates a high reliability. The data analysis method In qualitative part was an inductive content analysis with using coding at three levels of open, axial, and selective. In quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis was performed by spss software and verifiable factor analysis, structural equations and path analysis by lisrel software .the results showed that the dimensions of the effective model of educational guidance of student's are, respectively, talent identification, legal factors, effective policies, structural and managerial, IT, knowledge, family and socity factors. in exploratory factor analysis the impact of all dimensions and components on the effective model of educational guidance of student's was confirmed. the final model of the study was confirmed with the indices of fit and the standardized coefficients.