اصول و روش هاي مديريت خشم در بوستان سعدي: دلالت هايي براي مديران آموزشي

Principles and Methods of Anger Management in Sa’adi’s Būstān: Implications for Education Administrators

ﺧﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﻣﺨﺮب ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان اﺧﻼق و ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ وﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ آن را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮاردادهاﻧﺪ. ﺳﻌﺪي از ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ ادﯾﺒﺎن ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻧﮑﺎت ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ آﺛﺎر او رﺳﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺻﻮل و روشﻫﺎي»ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧﺸﻢ« در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺪي و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﻮزه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﺪي اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖﺧﺸﻢ در دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺳﻌﺪي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 1-ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧﺸﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر اﺻﻞ ﻧﯿﮏﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻪ، ﻓﺮوﺗﻨﺎﻧﻪ، ﺟﻮاﻧﻤﺮداﻧﻪ و آﺳﺎنﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺖ 2- روشﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﮏﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﻌﻘﻞدرﻋﻤﻞ، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ آدابﺳﺨﻦ، ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ، ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ، روشﻫﺎي ﻓﺮوﺗﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﻮاﺿﻊداﺷﺘﻦ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎد ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺑﻮدن، روشﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻤﺮداﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻧﮑﻮﯾﯽﺑﺎﺑﺪان، اﯾﺜﺎر وﮔﺬﺷﺖ، داﺷﺘﻦ اﻧﺼﺎف، ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽﮐﺮدن، روشﻫﺎي آﺳﺎنﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﺤﻤﻞ و ﺑﺮدﺑﺎري، ﻧﻮعدوﺳﺘﯽ، ﺑﺨﺸﺶ، ﻣﺪارا، ﺻﻠﺢﻃﻠﺒﯽ و ﻧﺮمﺧﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺸﻢ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﻌﺪي ﺿﻤﻦ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮانآﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان درﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

Anger is associated with destructive consequences; therefore, it is of great interest to psychologists, ethical and education scholars and thinkers each of which has somehow studied its management solutions. Sa’adi is one of the world's greatest literary scholars who has a particular interest in ethical, emotional and education issues, and the extraction of hidden implications from his works is a potential mission. The main aim of the present research is to identify the principles and methods of "anger management” in Sa'adi’s Būstān and its application to education administrators. The present study was conducted using the theme analysis method. The research area in this study is Sa'adi’s Būstān and the sample was selected using theoretical sampling method. The coding list of themes derived from anger management in Sa’adi's view revealed that: 1. Anger management includes four principles of goodness, humility, fairness, and easygoingness. 2- goodness methods include contemplation in action, formality of speech, pragmatism, and farseeing; humility methods include self-criticism; fairness methods include goodness with the bad, self-sacrifice, fairness, empathy; and easygoingness methods consist of tolerance, altruism, forgiveness, peace seeking, and pacifism. Anger and its management from Sa’adi’ perspective have been used in teaching moral concepts and high human emotions, and the categories achieved by this research can be a model for the practice of education administrators and curriculum planners.