شناسايي و رتبه‌بندي عوامل مؤثر بر امنيت شغلي هيات ‌علمي دانشگاه‌ها با تأكيد بر استقلال دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي ايران با رويكرد AHP

Identification and ranking of effective factors on job security of the faculty of universities with emphasis on autonomy of Islamic Azad

در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻟﺤﺎظ روش اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ و از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري اﺳﺖ، ﺳﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ را ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ )اﺳﺘﺎدان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ( ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ اﺳﺘﺎدان 10 داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺮﺗﺮ آزاد ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ webometrics در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ را ﻫﻤﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي آزاد ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 30000 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي، و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي Spss و Lisrel اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻓﺮدي، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داراي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﮐﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، ﮔﻮﯾﺎي اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اوﻟﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ را دارد، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺪار 4/85 و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ دارد. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ آن ﻣﻘﺪار 4,81 اﺳﺖ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﻮم ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ 4,72 اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، ﻓﺮدي، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ است.

In this study which is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quantitative heuristics and of structural equations branch, until the to present a model of factors affecting occupational safety of faculty members with emphasis on the independence of Islamic Azad University. The statistical population in the qualitative sector is composed of experts familiar with the subject (university professors in the field of study). In the selection of experts for interviewing the professors of the top 10 free universities in the country with theoretical saturation according to the ranking of webometrics in 1396 were selected as the statistical population. The statistical population in the quantitative section is composed of all faculty members of free universities throughout the country that number was over 30,000A sample of 384 was selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool is the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaireIts validity is confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and frequency as well as inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient and structural equations were used to analyze the collected data using Spss and Lisrel software. The results of the study show Financial, human, social, political, personal, structural and managerial factors were identified as factors related to job security with emphasis on university independence. The tests showf the other factor besides the social factor influences the job security of professors. Check the average rating that shows the priority of each agent, It shows that the political factor is first and foremost, the average political rating was 4.85 and higher than the average of other factors.On this basis, it can be said that the political factor has the greatest impact on job security. After the political factor, there is a management factor with an average rating of 4.81 and the third priority is the structural factor with an average rating of 4.72.