كليدواژه :
منابع انرژي , چالش , سلطه طلبي , افول قدرت اقتصادي , افزايش قدرت اقتصادي
چكيده فارسي :
جمهوري خلق چين، پرجمعيت ترين كشور جهان، قطبي اثرگذار در شرق آسيا شمرده مي شود كه با پشت سر نهادن تنش ها و رقابت هاي دوران جنگ سرد، در جستجوي الگوي تازه اي در روابط خود با ديگر قدرت هاي جهاني به ويژه ايالات متحده ي آمريكا است. جهش و رشد اقتصادي چين در سال هاي گذشته بسياري از نگاه ها را متوجه خود ساخته است. بسياري آن را الگوي خود مي شمارند و گروهي نيز اين پيشرفت را موقتي مي دانند. لازم به ذكر است، فروپاشي شوروي در عرصه ي بين الملل را مي توان آغازي براي ظهور دوره اي جديد در روابط بين الملل دانست كه در اين زمان، جهان به سوي چند قطبي شدن در حركت است. در اين ميان، آمريكا به عنوان هژمون جهان با چالش هايي كه به دنبال فروپاشي شوروي و تغيير ساختار بين الملل، ايجاد مي شود، رو به رو مي گردد. در واقع، خلاء به وجود آمده، ناشي از فروپاشي شوروي عرصه ي بين الملل را با ساختار جديدي آشنا كرد كه در آن آمريكا خود را روياروي رقيبان جديدي، من جمله چين، ديد. سؤال اصلي در پژوهش پيش رو از اين قرار است، چگونه افزايش قدرت اقتصادي چين، جايگاه آمريكا در آسيا را به چالش مي كشد؟ و فرضيه بدين شرح است، چين از طريق افزايش قدرت اقتصادي و با دسترسي به بازارها و منابع انرژي سعي در كاهش قدرت اقتصادي آمريكا و افول جايگاه جهاني آن كشور در آسيا را دارد. در رابطه با چارچوب نظري پژوهش، مي توان اينگونه شرح داد كه رابرت گيلپين معتقد است، هژمون پديده اي جديد است كه در قرن معاصر ما شاهد آن مي باشيم و اگر اقتصاد آزاد جهاني بخواهد بقا داشته باشد، بايد رهبر سركرده يا هژمون قادر و مايل باشد كه به سرعت در مقابل تهديدهاي سيستم واكنش نشان دهد.
چكيده لاتين :
People’ s Republic of China, the most populous country in the world, is an impressive area in east of Asia and has passed a lot of tension and competitions in the Cold War. Today, it is looking for a new role model in its relations with the super powers, especially with the US. The economic progress and improvement of China during last years have attracted most attentions. A lot of analysts know it as their role model and some know its progress temporary. We should mention that, the collapse of the USSR can be known as the beginning of emerging of a new period in International Relations that in this time, the whole world is moving to a multi-polar situation. Meanwhile, the US as a hegemony in the world is facing new challenges after collapsing the USSR and changing of the international structures. In fact, the vacuity that has appeared because of the collapsing of USSR has faced international arena with a new structure in which the US has faced new competitors, like China. China, the country, which has moved in a way to improve economically and influence on international arena, has been able to make important concerns and challenges for the US. On the other hand, the US as a universal and regional hegemony wouldn’ t like hegemonic competitors be formed in other places in the western hemisphere. Therefore, after reaching to become as a regional hegemony in the western hemisphere, has been looking for stopping Asia and Europe to be controlled by other great powers. The main question in this research is that, how the increase of the China’ s economic power has faced the US place a challenge in Asia and the hypothesis is that, China is trying to decrease the economic power of the US and its universal place by increasing its economic power, accessing to the markets and energy sources in Asia. About the theoretical framework of this research, in a brief way, we can explain that Robert Gilpin believes that, hegemony is a new phenomenon in the contemporary century which we are facing and if the free universal economy wants to continue, the leader or the hegemony must be able to react quickly to the system’ s threats. In his point of view, balance of power changes during the time because of different reasons and these changes lead to some wars to reach hegemony. Eventually, the system is organized, based on the interests of the new hegemony (dominant power).
