بررسي نقش فداييان اسلام درجريان ملي شدن صنعت نفت درايران ازهمگرايي تاواگرايي

The Investigating the Role of the Islamic devotees (Fadā'iyāns) in the Period of the Nationalization of Oil Industry in Iran from Convergence to Divergence

از جمله نقاط عطف تاريخ سياسي معاصر ايران نهضت ملي شدن نفت مي باشد.نقش آفريني نيروهاي مذهبي به عنوان يكي از نيروهاي مهم اجتماعي در تحولات سياسي اجتماعي ايران با توجه به اوضاع سياسي اجتماعي حاكم، مباني فكري و اتخاذ تاكتيك هاي مختلف مبارزاتي ،متفاوت بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با رهيافت جامعه شناسي سياسي وبا رويكرد توصيفي تحليلي به بررسي نقش فداييان اسلام به عنوان طلايه داران اسلام سياسي درنهضت ملي شدن صنعت نفت وسيرسينوسي آن ازهمگرايي تاواگرايي پرداخته است. ابزار جمع آوري اطلاعات كتابخانه اي و اسنادي خواهد بود. فرضيه اصلي مقاله آن است كه فداييان اسلام در مراحل اوليه نهضت در پيشبرد نهضت و رفع موانع آن گامهاي موثري برداشته ليكن پس از ملي شدن نفت اين ائتلاف به دلايل گوناگوني گسسته شده است.برخي يافته هاي پژوهش آنست كه فداييان اسلام در ابتداي نهضت ملي باهدف مشترك نفي سلطه بيگانه باائتلاف ميان نيروهاي ملي مذهبي با مشي مسلحانه درمبارزات نهضت ملي شركت جسته و عملكرد آنها در راستاي هم افزايي و همگرايي كنشگران سياسي بوده ليكن باشكل گيري دولت ملي بتدريج شكاف ميان آنها و دولت بواسطه عدم تحقق اهداف مورد نظر فداييان اشكار و زمينه هاي واگرايي آنها شكل گرفت.

Among the milestones of Iran's contemporary political history is the nationalization of oil. The role the religious forces played as one of the most important social forces in Iran's political affairs has varied with regard to the social political situation, the intellectual foundations, and the various tactics of the struggle. The current research embraced a sociopolitical analysis and an analytical-descriptive approach to the role of Islamic devotees as political Islamist intellectuals on the nationalization of oil industry and its sinusoidal course from convergence to divergence. The data collection procedure was library research and document analysis. The main hypothesis of ​​the paper was that the Islamic devotees have taken effective steps to overcome barriers in the early stages of the movement, but the coalition was disunified after the nationalization of oil. The findings indicate that at the beginning of the national movement, the Islamic devotees, allied with the national religious forces with the common goal of the denial of foreign domination, took part in the struggles of the national movement and their performance was in line with the convergence of political activists. However, with the formation of the national government, it gradually led to a gap between this group and the government due to devotees' failure to fulfill their objectives, which subsequently led to the formation of their divergent tendencies.