اثر ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ زﯾﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ فصلي

Effects of vermincompost and nitrogen fertilizer levels ongrowth and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾـﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 12 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ. در اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﺳـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﮐـﻮد ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ )10، 20 و30% ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎ( ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ازت )100،50،0 و150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﮐﻮد ازت در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿـﺮ از ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري وﺟـﻮد د اﺷـﺖ . ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر 20% ﮐـﻮد ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎ ﯾﺴـﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻮد ازﺗـﻪ ﺑـﻮد. ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﻮد ازت و20 % ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮي در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ زﯾﺮه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮدن ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺣ ﺎﺻـﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي از ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺮدد و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺰارﻋﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﺮمﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ را ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨـﻢ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، اﺻﻼح ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ.

A greenhouse study was conducted based on a complete randomized block design with twelve treatments and four replications in Islamic Azad University , Miyaneh Branch during 2010 in order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Treatments consisted of three amounts of vermicompost (10, 20 and 30 pot volume) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha). ANOVA revealed a significant difference for all characteristics except for plant height, harvest index, and essential oil. The comparison of the mean characteristics showed that the treatment with 20% vermicompost increased the number of seed per plant, 1000 grain weight and eventually seed yield. The comparison of the mean traits showed an increase in measured traits in treatment with 100 kg/ha. The application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 20% of vermicompost had an effective role in increasing the seed yield in cumin. Because of highly desirable effects of vermicompost and improvement of soil fertility level it is recommended to apply high ratio of this fertilizer and if possible, in lands using manures for soil fertility it is advisable to modify these fertilizers which are infected by weed seeds with the help of earthworms.