اثر زمان چين برداري و الگوي كاشت بر عملكرد كمي، كيفي و شاخص هاي مورفولوژيكي يونجه تحت شرايط خاك شور در اهواز

Effect of cutting time and planting pattern on quantitative and qualitative yield and morphological characteristics of alfalfa under saline soil conditions in Ahvaz

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ زﻣﺎن ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﺮداري و اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺑﻐﺪادي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎك ﺷﻮر، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1390-91 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ زﻣﺎن ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﺮداري در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﭼﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ، ﭼﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه اول و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه دوم( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و دو اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ: ﮐﺸﺖ در دو ﻃﺮف ﭘﺸﺘﻪ )ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﭘﺸﺘﻪ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( و ﮐﺸﺖ در دو ﻃﺮف ﮐﻒ ﺟﻮي )ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺟﻮي 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭼﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه دوم و اول ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 142/5 و 63/3 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم در ﭼﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﺧﺎم ﺑﺎ 22/14 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه دوم ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ. درﺻﺪ ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﺧﺎم در ﭼﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه اول ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﭼﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ و ﭼﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه اول ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/90 و 2/22 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در ﭼﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺑﻬﺎره ﺑﻮد و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ در دو ﻃﺮف ﺟﻮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺸﺖ در دو ﻃﺮف ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد، در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )2/125 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( از ﭼﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ و ﮐﺸﺖ دو ﻃﺮف ﺟﻮي و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )12/00 ﻋﺪد( در چين ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه دوم و ﮐﺎﺷﺖ دو ﻃﺮف ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Abstract In order to study the effect of cutting time and planting pattern on quantitative and qualitative yield and morphological characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under saline soil conditions, an experiment was carried out as split plots, based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications at the research farm of Khuzestan Agricultural Research Center in 2012 cropping season. In this experiment, the cutting time in three levels (Summer cutting, first and second autumn cutting) as the main factor and two planting patterns (Planting on both sides of the stack (stack width 30 cm) and planting on both sides furrow (furrow width 30 cm)) as second factor were considered. The results showed that second and first autumn cuttings produced 142.5% and 63.3% more dry matter yield than summer cutting, respectively. The crude protein content in autumn cutting was more than summer harvesting. The lowest percentage of crude fiber (14.22%) belonged to second autumn cutting. The differences of crude fiber percentage between summer and autumn cuttings were not significant. The highest and lowest percentage of calcium in the summer and autumn first cuttings with an average of 4.90% and 2.22% were achieved. In addition, the leaf to stem ratio in autumn cuttings was lower than summer harvesting and this ratio in the planting pattern on each side of furrow was higher than on both sides of the stack cultivation. The effect of planting pattern only was significant on the number of nodes per stem. The interaction effects were also were meaningful on stem diameter and number of nodes per stem. In these conditions, the maximum stem diameter (2.125 cm) in summer cutting and planting on both sides furrow and the highest stem diameter (12.00) in second autumn cutting and both sides furrow cultivation were conducted.