بررسي اثر كاربرد اسيد هيوميك و كود نيتروژن بر خصوصيات كمي و كيفي و كارايي مصرف نيتروژن ذرت بهاره

Effect of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of spring corn

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ذرت ﺑﻬﺎره، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1393-94در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح آﻣﺎري ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )50، 100 و150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ، 500 و 1000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار داد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 529/6 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 365/1 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 516/2 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1000 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 371/4 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ را اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎدهاي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of spring corn, an experiment was done in Ahvaz during 2014-15 as split plot based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The treatments included nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as the main factor and humic acid in three levels (Non-spray (control), 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) as sub-plots. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly impressed grain and biological yield, harvest index, protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The highest grain yield (529.6 g/m2) was obtained from 150 kg/ha nitrogen and lowest (365.1 g/m2) produced by 50 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer application. Also humic acid showed significant effect on grain and biological yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The highest grain yield (516.2 g/m2) was achieved from 1000 ppm humic acid foliar application and lowest one (371.4 g/m2) observed at control treatment. In general, humic acid spraying could increase corn yield and could to play a positive role to reduce chemical fertilizer consumption and environmental pollution. This substance as natural resource provided stability and crop production improved.