پديد آورندگان :
مشاري، محمد دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده محيط زيست، تهران , سپهري، عادل دانشگاه علوم كشاورز ي و منابع طبيعي گرگان - دانشكده مرتع و آبخيزداري، گرگان , باراني، حسين دانشگاه علوم كشاورز ي و منابع طبيعي گرگان - دانشكده مرتع و آبخيزداري، گرگان , دانه كار، افشين دانشگاه تهران - پرديس كشاورز ي و منابع طبيعي، كرج
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زيﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎيﻪﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ارزش واﻗﻌﯽ آن ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮايﻦ ارزشﮔﺬار ي اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و زيﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ويﮋهاي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ايﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ارزيﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮر ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در ايﺮان و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش دﻟﻔﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ، زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎيﯽ ﺑﺮاي ارزيﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ايﺮان ﺗﺪويﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ، 5 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر، 17 زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎر و 56 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮاي ارزيﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻛﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. 5 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زيﺒﺎيﯽﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺗﻔﺮج و ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﺎيﺖﻫﺎ و ﭘﺪيﺪهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻣﻌﻨﻮي و ﻣﻌﯿﺎر يﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر زيﺒﺎيﯽﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪازﻫﺎ، ﺣﯿﺎت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﻦ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺗﻔﺮج و ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدي زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺎركﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎيﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺎريﺨﯽ، ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻟﻬﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي، ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و رويﺪادﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺗﻌﺮيﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺳﺎيﺖﻫﺎ و ﭘﺪيﺪهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﺎ زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و در ﻧﻬﺎيﺖ يﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎ 5 زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داﻧﺶ زيﺴﺖﺑﻮم، داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، ﻣﺪيﺮيﺖ داﻧﺶ، آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و داﻧﺶ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﮔﺮ ي در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ يﮏ از ايﻦ زيﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎيﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ
چكيده لاتين :
The natural environment is one of the most valuable properties of the human being, but its
real cost has not been recognized yet. Therefore, the valuation of natural ecosystems that
provide various social, cultural and environmental services to urban fabric collections has
received special attention in recent years. In this study, after a review of valuation systems of
cultural services in several countries, as well as exploratory interviews with relevant experts
and researchers in Iran, some criteria, sub-criteria, and indicators for valuing cultural services
have been suggested by applying Delphi method. After studying the available resources and
reviewing the interviews 5 main indexes with 17 sub-indexes and 56 indicators were extracted
and introduced for evaluation of cultural services of natural ecosystems. Five main indexes
include aesthetic, outgoing, cultural, spiritual, and education. These indexes have sub-indexes
named diversity of perspectives, natural life, specific species and protection significance
for the aesthetic index. An outgoing index has two sub-indexes namely natural parks and
entertainment facilities. Cultural indexes have five sub-indexes namely historical sites, cultural
heritage, nature as an intuition source for an artistic activities, religious locations, and cultural
occurrences. A spiritual index has only one sub-indexes named religious beliefs. Eventually,
education index has five sub-indexes namely knowledge about an ecosystem, traditional
knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge of stakeholders and experiencing nature. It
is possible to identify criteria and indicators and match them with cultural values in planning.
