بررسي مقايسه اي اثرات نانوذرات نقره و عصاره متانولي گياه گل هميشه بهار (Calendula officinalis) بر روي باكتري هاي پاتوژن استافيلوكوكوس اورئوس، باسيلوس سرئوس، اشريشياكلي و سودوموناس آئروژينوزا در شرايط آزمايشگاهي

Comparative study on the effects of silver nanoparticles and methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis on pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa under laboratory conditions

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ داروﯾﯽ و ﻋﻮارض ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در درﻣﺎن ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳــﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از داروﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮارض ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻧﺎﻧﻮ در ﻋﺮ ﺻﮥ ﭘﺰ ﺷﮑﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ در درﻣﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾ ﺴﻪاي اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه و ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﺮ روي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻮﯾﮥ ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ و در آن ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎهﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ اﻫﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﺎ روش ﺳﻮﮐﺴﻮﻟﻪ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي mg/ml 20 ﺗﺎ mg/ml 400 از ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي µg/ml 10 ﺗﺎ µg/ml 80 از ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ اﺛﺮات ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﭼﺎﻫﮏ و رﻗﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر از رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮس ارﺋﻮس، ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﺳﺮﺋﻮس و اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻬﺎري ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس آﺋﺮوژﯾﻨﻮزا و اﺷﺮﯾﺸﯿﺎﮐﻠﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر و ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺼﺎرة ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻞ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺿﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي آﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ In Vivo ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﮥ داروﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

Background and Objective: In recent years, the drug resistance and side effects of antimicrobial drugs have increased in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the use of new herbal medicines with less side effects and nanotechnology in the medical arena can be a great help in treating these types of infections. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of silver nanoparticles and methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis on four strains of pathogens bacterial . Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-laboratory study, the plant was identified as a plant of C.officinalis, based on herbological characteristics in the Herbarium section of Azad University, Ahar Branch. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of C.officinalis were studied by Soxhlet extractor method at concentrations of 20 mg / ml to 400 mg / ml of methanolic extract and 10 to 80 μg / ml concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Then, their antibacterial effects were investigated using well-diffusion and dilution methods. Results: The findings showed that methanolic extract of C.officinalis prevents the growth of S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli. While the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on P.aeruginosa and E.coli bacteria is more than gram-positive bacteria. The effect of the combination of C.officinalis extract and silver nanoparticles was much greater than the effect of each of them. Conclusion: The results showed that the flower extract of the C.officinalis has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, this extract can be a good option for future studies in In Vivo to provide antibacterial drugs.