ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﺑﺮ ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ 15-18 ﺳﺎل ﺷﻬﺮ ﭼﻨﺎران

The effect of education based on the theory of self efficacy on health literacy , self efficacy of eating habits and physical activity in the secondary school girl's students (15-18 age) in Chenaran

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﯾﮏ ﭘﯿﺸـــﮕﻮﯾﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـــﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺟﺴـــﻤﯽ و ﻋﺎدات ﺧﻮردن اﺳـﺖ. ﺳـﻮاد ﺳـﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺴﺐ، ﭘﺮدازش و درك اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼــﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي ﺳــﻠﺎﻣﺘﯽ اﺳــﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮ اﺳــﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﺑﺮ ﺳــﻮاد ﺳــﻠﺎﻣﺖ، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴــﻤﯽ در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﮥ دوم اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در آن 92 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز دﺧﺘﺮ 15-18 ﺳﺎل ﺷﻬﺮ ﭼﻨﺎران ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده در دوﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ، ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ )NVS(، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ درﭘﻨﺞ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ 40 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اي در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﻦ 2 ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮة ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، ﺗﻔﺎوت آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﻧﻤﺮة ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ)p˂ 0/001(، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن)p˂ 0/001( و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ) p˂ 0/001( در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮاد ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﺎدات ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺧﻮردن و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺷﻮد.

Introduction: Self-efficacy is a predictor of health behaviors, including physical activity and eating habits. Health literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain, process and understand information and basic health services needed for health decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on self-efficacy theory on health literacy, self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity in second-grade female students Materials and Methods: This research was a Semi-experimental study in which 92 female students aged 15-18 years were randomly selected through simple random sampling and assigned to two groups of test and control. Data gathering tools were demographic information, Health Literacy (NVS), self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity questionnaires. Educational intervention was designed and implemented in a 40-minute training session in the experimental group. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS software Results: Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the two test and control groups in terms of mean score of health literacy, self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity. But after intervention, there was a significant difference in health literacy score (P= 0.001), self-efficacy of regular eating habits (P<0.001) and self-efficacy of physical activity (P<0.001) in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results showed that the design and implementation of educational interventions based on self-efficacy theory can lead to increased health literacy, self-efficacy of regular eating habits and self-efficacy of regular physical activity of students.