كليدواژه :
حس مكان , فضاهاي باز عمومي , عناصر طبيعي , تعاملات اجتماعي
چكيده فارسي :
افزايش تصاعدي جمعيت شهري و ساخت و ساز مسكن در قالب مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني و نگاه كمي‌گرايانه به عناصر كالبدي، پيامدهايي نظير بيگانگي انسان با مكان و كاهش حس مكان را در پي دارد. هدف اين تحقيق را مي‌توان «ارائه راهكارهاي طراحي فضاهاي باز مسكن در جهت افزايش حس مكان در محيط مسكوني» دانست. در مرحله نخست، از مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي استفاده شده است. عوامل موثر بر حس مكان در 4 دسته شامل عوامل كالبد فيزيكي، محيط اجتماعي، عوامل تداعي‌كننده معنا و مشخصات جمعيتي شهروندان طبقه‌بندي شدند. در ادامه پژوهش تكنيك دلفي به‌كار گرفته شده است و افراد متخصص از اساتيد دانشگاه‌هاي شهيد بهشتي و علم و صنعت ايران در حوزه معماري مسكن انتخاب گرديده‌اند. از تكنيك دلفي براي «شناسايي» و «غربال» مهم‌ترين شاخص‌هاي تصميم‌گيري استفاده شده است. با وجود اينكه روش دلفي يك روش تصميم‌گيري چندمعياره نيست اما در بسياري موارد قبل از بكارگيري تكنيك‌هاي تصميم‌گيري چندمعياره از اين تكنيك براي غربال شاخص‌ها يا رسيدن به يك توافق در زمينه اهميت شاخص‌هاي تصميم‌گيري استفاده مي‌شود. براساس يافته‌ها، عواملي مانند تراكم كم واحدها، كاهش ارتفاع در سمت داراي ديد و منظر بهتر، ديد واحدها به فضاي سبز، روشنايي و نورپردازي در شب، در ارتقاي حس مكان در يك مجتمع مسكوني تاثير بسزايي دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Population growth and housing demands have caused the cultural aspects of public spaces have been ignored in
modern housing. While urban spaces without the active participation of the people become less sustainable and
separated from social, cultural and economic functions. The need for additional space close to the apartments for
entertainment purposes creates an ongoing relationship with nature and expansion of the interior space functions
to the adjoining exterior. From another perspective, paying attention to open spaces is necessary as they are places
to establish social interaction and thus increase social security and create a sense of responsibility among residents.
The main objective of this study is to find a way for the appropriate design of open spaces in high-density residential
communities in order to promote a sense of place and community identity.
In the first phase of this research, documentary studies are used to understand the basic definitions and information
about the sense of place and its determinants. At this point, the collected data were analyzed by content analysis. In
the next step, the survey method and the Delphi technique are being applied to collect data. In this case, the purpose
was to reach twenty-eight participants in the panel. To qualify as experts the individuals were considered to be those
people who have substantial knowledge in the field of residential neighborhood planning and design. 28 experts
were invited from faculty members of Shahid Beheshti’s Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, and IUSt’s
School of Architecture and Environmental Design. The first part consisted of three demographic questions, about
age, gender and occupation. The remaining questions were classified into two categories: the physical and social
environment. Each category was divided into several groups. For the data analysis, descriptive and inferential
statistics were used with the software SPSS version 21.0. According to the findings of the research, factors such as low-density of apartment, reduction in the height of
the side with better vision, the view into green space, constant and adequate lighting at night, developing a safe
walking route along the public spaces and the arrangement of the public spaces between blocks have a significant
impact on fostering a sense of place in a residential environment. Reduction in the height of the sides with a better
view is the most important factor in the design of a residential complex for promoting a sense of place. Thus, the
height of buildings can be reduced on the surroundings sides have a better view. Proper lighting and view into green
space are other important factors. Using interior yards or green areas can help to enhance a sense of place. Trees
or natural elements can be used in creating public spaces. The results show that the existence of natural elements
in open and semi-open spaces can create a sense of place effectively. Also, low-density residential neighborhoods
contribute to a positive sense of place in the complex. The existing routes around the site can provide pedestrian
access to the site. This access provides visual relations between inside and outside.
