كليدواژه :
ادراك بصري , فرم معماري , AHP , انسان
چكيده فارسي :
ادراك متفاوت از محرك هاي مشابه مي توان نتيجه ي در آميختن عوامل متعددي باشد.در ادراك يك بناي معماري عناصر تشكيل دهنده ي فرم بنا در زمره ي عوامل محيطي تاثيرگذار است به گونه اي كه ميتوان تاثير اين عناصر بر كاربران را پيش بيني و سبب افزايش ويا كاهش كاربران يك بنا شد.در اين پژوهش عوامل موثر بر ادراك بصري افراد نسبت به كاربرد فرم در طراحي معماري امروز با تكيه بر نظرات آرنهايم، ادانديس و گروتر دسته بندي شده و محرك هاي بصري فرمي با توجه به نظرات دونيس ادانديس در چهار جدول باعناوين تنش،ويژگي هاي كالبدي،وزن و پويايي آورده كه زيرمجموعه ي هر يك از عوامل شناسايي و به روش AHP توسط بيست خبره در زمينه ي طراحي معماري مقايسه گرديد كه ويژگي هاي كالبدي نسبت به ديگر عوامل مهم تر تشخيص داده شد و عواملي چون پويايي تنش و وزن در جايگاه بعدي اهميت قرار گرفتند.
چكيده لاتين :
Observer’s perceive of architecture is used in many fields. Because much of our perception and understanding
of the environment is based on visual stimulus, therefor an expert design should be based on visual stimulus too.
Moreover, visual communication is to be used for strengthening, intensifying, and consolidation of other senses as
well, otherwise the aforementioned design will result in poor perception of the environment.
In discussing of the perceptions, the worring issue is that despite of the fact that perception system is same for every
individual, but that individual has different perception of his/her environment. Perception can be different from
similar stimuli and combined with different factors and one factor alone can't determine perceptions. Environmental
data in all of conditions and positions are not available. Sensory effect actually is the effect of a form on individuals
and it follows different factors, but visual effect belongs to the individual and it doesn't follow any factor and it can
have different effects on the individuals.
Perception of environment is a function of the ability to receive sensory receptors in which is a function of effective
environmental conditions on events such as light, temperature, humidity , pressure, noise,odor and ... . Also personal
and social features play significant role in human perceptions. Relationship between individual and environment is
formed in different levels such as individual level )feeling, perceptions, values, inner experience and...) and social
levels )larger units like different community groups or groups that are similar in age and gender.
If sensory stimuli are opposed to each other, they will become confusing and disturbing. The sensory effect like
perception deponds on state of body. Because this effect is covered in the individual body, it will follow the
personal, biography and social intermediaries. Moreover, the visual effect is a force transmitted and directed by individual and it's quality deponds on individual characteristics.
Different proportions range creates a variety of interpretations. Slender, thin and long forms show charm and
elegance, while round forms show warmth and comfort. The forms tilted into the inside show aggression or
curiosity, while forms tilted out show fear and anxiety. The relationship between basic forms and basic emotions
are one of key points of design that embodies dilectical definition of emotions.
In this research, factors affecting the visual perceptions of individuals with emphsis on the new approaches and
the application of the form in today's architecture design is based on Rudolf Arnheim views on visual perceptions
and criticized by the pair comparison method. These factors included tension )complexity and contradiction(,
physical characteristics,weight )reducing of the mass( and dynamics. Questionnaires were prepared on the basis
of paired comparisons to determine the superiority of each of parts. collected data was analyzed using AHP on
50 questionnaires to determine the mean of superiority of each of the factors over other. In addition, in order to
determine overall value of each factor, the sum of value of superiority of one part over other parts was calculated
and mean was determined.
